How to format your references using the International Journal of Speech Technology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for International Journal of Speech Technology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Holmes, N. (2008). Immunology. A splicing switch for T cells. Science (New York, N.Y.), 321(5889), 646–647.

A journal article with 2 authors

Boles, M. A., & Talapin, D. V. (2014). Chemistry. Connecting the dots. Science (New York, N.Y.), 344(6190), 1340–1341.

A journal article with 3 authors

Samokhvalov, A. V., Shekhter, R. I., & Buzdin, A. I. (2014). Stimulation of a singlet superconductivity in SFS weak links by spin-exchange scattering of cooper pairs. Scientific reports, 4, 5671.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Santer, B. D., Po-Chedley, S., Zelinka, M. D., Cvijanovic, I., Bonfils, C., Durack, P. J., et al. (2018). Human influence on the seasonal cycle of tropospheric temperature. Science (New York, N.Y.), 361(6399).

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Zhu, Z., & Nandi, A. K. (2014). Automatic Modulation Classification. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

An edited book

Bhattacharya, R. (2016). A Basic Course in Probability Theory. (E. C. Waymire, Ed.) (2nd ed. 2016.). Cham: Springer International Publishing.

A chapter in an edited book

Bacellar Filho, R. F. B., & Friedrich, T. S. (2016). Foreign Administrative Acts in Brazil. In J. Rodríguez-Arana Muñoz (Ed.), Recognition of Foreign Administrative Acts (pp. 91–101). Cham: Springer International Publishing.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for International Journal of Speech Technology.

Blog post

Andrew, E. (2015, August 16). Watch What Happens When A Ball Of Red-Hot Nickel Is Placed On Floral Foam. IFLScience. IFLScience. Accessed 30 October 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (2006). Space Acquisitions: DOD Needs Additional Knowledge as it Embarks on a New Approach for Transformational Satellite Communications System (No. GAO-06-537). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Theis, J. Y. (2013). Accessing mental health services among Asian American adults: Evidence from the California Health Interview Survey (CHIS) (Doctoral dissertation). California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Sophia Kishkovsky; Compiled by. (2006, October 21). Arts, Briefly; Shopping Picasso. New York Times, p. B10.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Holmes 2008).
This sentence cites two references (Boles and Talapin 2014; Holmes 2008).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Boles and Talapin 2014)
Three or more authors: (Santer et al. 2018)

About the journal

Full journal title	International Journal of Speech Technology
Abbreviation	Int. J. Speech Technol.
ISSN (print)	1381-2416
ISSN (online)	1572-8110
Scope	Language and Linguistics Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Human-Computer Interaction Software Linguistics and Language