How to format your references using the International Journal of Sport Medicine citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for International Journal of Sport Medicine. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Neylon C. Science publishing: Open access must enable open use. Nature 2012; 492: 348–349

A journal article with 2 authors

Begun DR, Ward CV. Comment on “Pierolapithecus catalaunicus, a new Middle Miocene great ape from Spain.” Science 2005; 308: 203; author reply 203

A journal article with 3 authors

Shubin N, Tabin C, Carroll S. Deep homology and the origins of evolutionary novelty. Nature 2009; 457: 818–823

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Kim M, Canio W, Kessler S, Sinha N. Developmental changes due to long-distance movement of a homeobox fusion transcript in tomato. Science 2001; 293: 287–289

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Scot L. The Simplified Guide to Not-for-Profit Accounting, Formation, and Reporting. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2010

An edited book

Baracca A. Subalternity vs. Hegemony, Cuba’s Outstanding Achievements in Science and Biotechnology, 1959-2014. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016

A chapter in an edited book

Evgen’ev MB, Garbuz DG, Zatsepina OG. Heat Shock Proteins and Adaptation to Variable and Extreme Environments. In: Garbuz DG, Zatsepina OG (eds.). Heat Shock Proteins and Whole Body Adaptation to Extreme Environments. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2014: 59–115

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for International Journal of Sport Medicine.

Blog post

Andrew E. ‘Ultracool’ Dwarf Star Hosts Three Potentially Habitable Earth-Sized Planets Just 40 Light-Years Away. IFLScience 2016; Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/space/ultracool-dwarf-star-hosts-three-potentially-habitable-earth-sized-planets-just-40-light-years/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Guaranteed Student Loans: Analysis of Student Default Rates at 7,800 Postsecondary Schools. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1989

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Otarola AC. The effects of turbulence in an absorbing atmosphere on the propagation of microwave signals used in an active sounding system. 2008;

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Feeney K. The Nuclear Option Is Yours. New York Times 2010; NJ13

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [2].
This sentence cites two references [3,4].
This sentence cites four references [3,5,7,8].

About the journal

Full journal title	International Journal of Sport Medicine
Abbreviation	Int. J. Sports Med.
ISSN (print)	0172-4622
ISSN (online)	1439-3964
Scope	Orthopedics and Sports Medicine