How to format your references using the International Journal of Surgery Protocols citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for International Journal of Surgery Protocols. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

K. Kaplan, Show us the money, Nature 457 (2009) 624–625.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

J.J. Murphy, P. Melchiorre, Organic chemistry: Light opens pathways for nickel catalysis, Nature 524 (2015) 297–298.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

R.S. Khush, F. Leulier, B. Lemaitre, Immunology. Pathogen surveillance--the flies have it, Science 296 (2002) 273–275.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

D. Zilberman, D. Coleman-Derr, T. Ballinger, S. Henikoff, Histone H2A.Z and DNA methylation are mutually antagonistic chromatin marks, Nature 456 (2008) 125–129.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

J. Dinet, Information Retrieval in Digital Environments, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ, 2014.

An edited book

[1]

A. Bori~i, A. Frommer, B. Joó, A. Kennedy, B. Pendleton, eds., QCD and Numerical Analysis III: Proceedings of the Third International Workshop on Numerical Analysis and Lattice QCD, Edinburgh June-July 2003, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2005.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

E. Marani, W.F.R.M. Koch, History, in: W.F.R.M. Koch (Ed.), The Pelvis: Structure, Gender and Society, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2014: pp. 47–110.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for International Journal of Surgery Protocols.

Blog post

[1]

D. Andrew, This Single Image Contains 6 Celestial Phenomena. How Many Can You Name?, IFLScience (2015). https://www.iflscience.com/space/one-image-6-stunning-celestial-phenomena/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office, Schools and Libraries Corporation: Actions Needed to Strengthen Program Integrity Operations Before Committing Funds, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 1998.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

R.M. Shaw, The influence of organizational culture on employee attitudes towards information security policy, Doctoral dissertation, Capella University, 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

J. Fallows, Watch Your Rhetoric, New York Times (2016) BR13.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	International Journal of Surgery Protocols
Abbreviation	Int. J. Surg. Protoc.
ISSN (print)	2468-3574
Scope