How to format your references using the International Journal of Technology and Design Education citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for International Journal of Technology and Design Education. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Clark, P. U. (2002). Early deglaciation in the tropical Andes. Science (New York, N.Y.), 298(5591), 7; discussion 7.

A journal article with 2 authors

Rauch, S. L., & Carlezon, W. A., Jr. (2013). Neuroscience. Illuminating the neural circuitry of compulsive behaviors. Science (New York, N.Y.), 340(6137), 1174–1175.

A journal article with 3 authors

Müller, K., Fedosov, D. A., & Gompper, G. (2014). Margination of micro- and nano-particles in blood flow and its effect on drug delivery. Scientific reports, 4, 4871.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Sehorn, M. G., Sigurdsson, S., Bussen, W., Unger, V. M., & Sung, P. (2004). Human meiotic recombinase Dmc1 promotes ATP-dependent homologous DNA strand exchange. Nature, 429(6990), 433–437.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Carvalho, M. C. (2016). Practical Laboratory Automation. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA.

An edited book

Mittelstaedt, P. (2005). Laws of Nature. (P. A. Weingartner, Ed.). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Arena, P. (2008). Locomotion as a Spatial-temporal Phenomenon: Models of the Central Pattern Generator. In P. Arena (Ed.), Dynamical Systems, Wave-Based Computation and Neuro-Inspired Robots (pp. 55–68). Vienna: Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for International Journal of Technology and Design Education.

Blog post

O`Callaghan, J. (2017, June 5). Here’s What A Map Of The US Looks Like If You Resize Each State By Population Density. IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/editors-blog/heres-what-a-map-of-the-us-looks-like-if-you-resize-each-state-by-population-density/. Accessed 30 October 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1976). Acquisition of Automatic Data Processing Equipment (No. B-115369.07). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Gupta, P. (2017). Enhanced acquisition of data in the presence of transfaulty nodes in a wireless sensor network (Doctoral dissertation). California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Schwirtz, M. (2017, May 8). Two Ex-Correction Officials Deny Clearing Trips to Maine. New York Times, p. A19.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Clark 2002).
This sentence cites two references (Clark 2002; Rauch and Carlezon 2013).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Rauch and Carlezon 2013)
Three or more authors: (Sehorn et al. 2004)

About the journal

Full journal title	International Journal of Technology and Design Education
Abbreviation	Int. J. Technol. Des. Educ.
ISSN (print)	0957-7572
ISSN (online)	1573-1804
Scope	General Engineering Education