How to format your references using the International Journal of the Economics of Business citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for International Journal of the Economics of Business. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Smaglik, Paul. 2004. “Bricks and Mortar. Arizona Plots a Course.” Nature 428 (6984): 782.

A journal article with 2 authors

Uversky, Vladimir N., and A. Keith Dunker. 2008. “Biochemistry. Controlled Chaos.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 322 (5906): 1340–1341.

A journal article with 3 authors

Grenier, Isabelle A., Jean-Marc Casandjian, and Régis Terrier. 2005. “Unveiling Extensive Clouds of Dark Gas in the Solar Neighborhood.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 307 (5713): 1292–1295.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Zhao, Hongguang, Linfeng Zheng, Xinru Li, and Lifang Wang. 2014. “FasL Gene -844T/C Mutation of Esophageal Cancer in South China and Its Clinical Significance.” Scientific Reports 4 (January 2014): 3866.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Ananthakrishnan, Ashwin N., Ramnik J. Xavier, and Daniel K. Podolsky. 2017. Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

An edited book

Pla, Laura. 2012. Quantifying Functional Biodiversity. Edited by Fernando Casanoves and Julio Di Rienzo. SpringerBriefs in Environmental Science. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands.

A chapter in an edited book

Lampeter, Eberhard F. 2009. “Strategic Positioning in Biotech: Where Innovation Can Save Lives.” In Strategies for Innovators: HHL Open School Case Book, edited by Emilio E. Matthaei, 47–65. Wiesbaden: Gabler.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for International Journal of the Economics of Business.

Blog post

Andrew, Elise. 2015. “The Mercury Level In Your Tuna Is Getting Higher.” IFLScience, IFLScience, February 19. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/mercury-level-your-tuna-getting-higher/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 2004. School Meal Programs: Competitive Foods Are Available in Many Schools; Actions Taken to Restrict Them Differ by State and Locality. GAO-04-673. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Brasseaux, Shawn. 2015. “The Mississippi River-Gulf Outlet and Land Changes in Louisiana Deltaic Plain, Saint Bernard Parish, Louisiana.” Doctoral dissertation, University of Louisiana.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kelly, Christopher. 2013. “Texas Film: It’s Not Just About Slackers Anymore.” New York Times, January 20, 2013.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Smaglik 2004).
This sentence cites two references (Smaglik 2004; Uversky and Dunker 2008).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Uversky and Dunker 2008)
Three authors: (Grenier, Casandjian, and Terrier 2005)
4 or more authors: (Zhao et al. 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	International Journal of the Economics of Business
ISSN (print)	1357-1516
ISSN (online)	1466-1829
Scope	Business, Management and Accounting (miscellaneous) Economics and Econometrics