How to format your references using the International Journal on Innovations in Online Education citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for International Journal on Innovations in Online Education (IJIOE). For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Morgan, J. V., Comment on “Determining Chondritic Impactor Size from the Marine Osmium Isotope Record,” Science (New York, N.Y.), vol. 321, no. 5893, pp. 1158; author reply 1158, August 29, 2008.

A journal article with 2 authors

Soo, V. W. C. and Wood, T. K., Antitoxin MqsA Represses Curli Formation through the Master Biofilm Regulator CsgD, Scientific Reports, vol. 3, p. 3186, November 11, 2013.

A journal article with 3 authors

Cymes, G. D., Ni, Y. and Grosman, C., Probing Ion-Channel Pores One Proton at a Time, Nature, vol. 438, no. 7070, pp. 975–80, December 15, 2005.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Hooper, I. R., Tremain, B., Dockrey, J. A. and Hibbins, A. P., Massively Sub-Wavelength Guiding of Electromagnetic Waves, Scientific Reports, vol. 4, p. 7495, December 16, 2014.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Van Der Pijl, P., Solomon, L. K. and Lokitz, J., How To Design a Better Business, Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2016.

An edited book

Murali, R. Ed., Graphene Nanoelectronics: From Materials to Circuits, Boston, MA: Springer US, XII, 265 p. 143 illus., 106 illus. in color, 2012.

A chapter in an edited book

Manolopoulos, Y., Nanopoulos, A., Papadopoulos, A. N. and Theodoridis, Y., Fundamental Query Processing Techniques, in R-Trees: Theory and Applications, A. Nanopoulos A. N. Papadopoulos and Y. Theodoridis, Eds., London: Springer, pp. 51–68, 2006.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for International Journal on Innovations in Online Education.

Blog post

Andrew, E., GM Food Labels Do Not Act As A Warning To Consumers, IFLScience, August 3, 2015.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, Smart Highways: Challenges Facing DOT’s Intelligent Vehicle Highway Systems Program, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, T-RCED-94-253, Jun. 29, 1994.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Baker, T. N., The Impact of Undergraduate Research Participation on Research Self-Efficacy, Doctoral dissertation, Florida Atlantic University, 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Hodara, S., Art in Plain English, New York Times, March 27, 2016.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Morgan, 2008).
This sentence cites two references (Morgan, 2008; Soo et al., 2013).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Soo et al., 2013)
Three or more authors: (Hooper et al., 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	International Journal on Innovations in Online Education
ISSN (print)	2377-9519
ISSN (online)	2377-9527
Scope