How to format your references using the International Ophthalmology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for International Ophthalmology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Gingerich O (2010) Brian Marsden (1937-2010). Nature 468:1042

A journal article with 2 authors

Corten GP, Veldkamp HF (2001) Aerodynamics. Insects can halve wind-turbine power. Nature 412:41–42

A journal article with 3 authors

Sun J-Y, Wu X-S, Wu L-G (2002) Single and multiple vesicle fusion induce different rates of endocytosis at a central synapse. Nature 417:555–559

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Gao X, Luo W, Zhong C, et al (2014) Novel germanium/polypyrrole composite for high power lithium-ion batteries. Sci Rep 4:6095

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Kondrashov AS (2017) Crumbling Genome. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ

An edited book

Stuckenschmidt H, Jannach D (2015) E-Commerce and Web Technologies: 16th International Conference on Electronic Commerce and Web Technologies, EC-Web 2015, Valencia, Spain, September 2015, Revised Selected Papers. Springer International Publishing, Cham

A chapter in an edited book

Young C (2014) The Need for a Management Plan and the 1st and 2nd Plans. In: Stone PG, Brough D (eds) Managing, Using, and Interpreting Hadrian’s Wall as World Heritage. Springer, New York, NY, pp 21–32

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for International Ophthalmology.

Blog post

Andrew E (2014) Jaw-Dropping Time-Lapse Of A Supercell. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/environment/jaw-dropping-time-lapse-supercell/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2001) Serving the Congress and the Nation: Information Technology Information. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Moretto L (2012) Exploring the Nature of the Relationship Between Decision-Driven Scenarios and Decision Confidence in High-Velocity Environments. Doctoral dissertation, George Washington University

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kelly M (1992) Ideology Seems to Doom Cabinet Contender. New York Times B20

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	International Ophthalmology
Abbreviation	Int. Ophthalmol.
ISSN (print)	0165-5701
ISSN (online)	1573-2630
Scope	Ophthalmology