How to format your references using the International Transactions on Systems Science and Applications citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for International Transactions on Systems Science and Applications. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Olson MV (2011) Genome-sequencing anniversary. What does a “normal” human genome look like? Science 331:872

A journal article with 2 authors

Engel MS, Grimaldi DA (2004) New light shed on the oldest insect. Nature 427:627–630

A journal article with 3 authors

Clark CJ, Elias DO, Prum RO (2011) Aeroelastic flutter produces hummingbird feather songs. Science 333:1430–1433

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Xu S-Y, Xia Y, Wray LA, et al (2011) Topological phase transition and texture inversion in a tunable topological insulator. Science 332:560–564

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Voldman SH (2014) ESD. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, United Kingdom

An edited book

Kurosawa K, Hanaoka G (2013) Public-Key Cryptography – PKC 2013: 16th International Conference on Practice and Theory in Public-Key Cryptography, Nara, Japan, February 26 – March 1, 2013. Proceedings. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

A chapter in an edited book

van Bevern R, Bredereck R, Chopin M, et al (2013) Parameterized Complexity of DAG Partitioning. In: Spirakis PG, Serna M (eds) Algorithms and Complexity: 8th International Conference, CIAC 2013, Barcelona, Spain, May 22-24, 2013. Proceedings. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp 49–60

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for International Transactions on Systems Science and Applications.

Blog post

Luntz S (2015) #FieldworkFail Reveals The Hilarious Perils Of Science. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/fieldworkfail-reveals-perils-science/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1988) DOD’s Risk Assessment and Safeguards Management of Chemical and Biological Warfare Research and Development Facilities. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Bhatnagar A (2012) Buckling and weight optimization for non-coupled antisymmetric laminates. Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kelly M (1992) THE 1992 CAMPAIGN: The Democrats; Clinton, in South Carolina, Shows He Is a Threat in the South. New York Times 130

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	International Transactions on Systems Science and Applications
ISSN (online)	2051-5642
Scope