How to format your references using the Journal of Academic Ethics citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Academic Ethics. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Maquet, P. (2001). The role of sleep in learning and memory. Science (New York, N.Y.), 294(5544), 1048–1052.

A journal article with 2 authors

Zegerman, P., & Diffley, J. F. X. (2010). Checkpoint-dependent inhibition of DNA replication initiation by Sld3 and Dbf4 phosphorylation. Nature, 467(7314), 474–478.

A journal article with 3 authors

Noskov, S. Y., Bernèche, S., & Roux, B. (2004). Control of ion selectivity in potassium channels by electrostatic and dynamic properties of carbonyl ligands. Nature, 431(7010), 830–834.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Larson, B. C., Yang, W., Ice, G. E., Budai, J. D., & Tischler, J. Z. (2002). Three-dimensional X-ray structural microscopy with submicrometre resolution. Nature, 415(6874), 887–890.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Padilla, E. (2015). Substation Automation Systems. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

An edited book

Hodler, J., Zollikofer, C. L., & Schulthess, G. K. von (Eds.). (2005). Musculoskeletal Diseases: Diagnostic Imaging and Interventional Techniques. Milano: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Steyn, A. J. C., Mai, D., Saini, V., & Farhana, A. (2013). Protein–Protein Interaction in the -Omics Era: Understanding Mycobacterium tuberculosis Function. In J. McFadden, D. J. V. Beste, & A. M. Kierzek (Eds.), Systems Biology of Tuberculosis (pp. 79–106). New York, NY: Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Academic Ethics.

Blog post

Davis, J. (2017, March 30). Birds With Small Brains Are Most Likely To Be Hit By Cars. IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/birds-with-small-brains-are-most-likely-to-be-hit-by-cars/. Accessed 30 October 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1992). Earth Observing System: NASA’s EOSDIS Development Approach Is Risky (No. IMTEC-92-24). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Dooling, S. M. (2013). Like A Unicorn in Captivity (Doctoral dissertation). University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Saslow, L. (2007, February 18). Two Legislative Seats To Be Filled on March 27. New York Times, p. 14LI2.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Maquet 2001).
This sentence cites two references (Maquet 2001; Zegerman and Diffley 2010).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Zegerman and Diffley 2010)
Three or more authors: (Larson et al. 2002)

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Academic Ethics
Abbreviation	J. Acad. Ethics
ISSN (print)	1570-1727
ISSN (online)	1572-8544
Scope	Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous) Philosophy Education Sociology and Political Science