How to format your references using the Journal of Anesthesia citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Anesthesia. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Konner M. Seeking universals. Nature. 2002;415:121.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Larson HJ, Ghinai I. Lessons from polio eradication. Nature. 2011;473:446–7.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Houlié N, Dreger D, Kim A. GPS source solution of the 2004 Parkfield earthquake. Sci Rep. 2014;4:3646.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Zhang H, Liu S, Yuan W, Dong W, Ye A, Xie X, et al. Inclusion of soil carbon lateral movement alters terrestrial carbon budget in China. Sci Rep. 2014;4:7247.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Casper D. Hollywood Film 1963-1976. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell; 2011.

An edited book

1. Bjørndal E, Bjørndal M, Pardalos PM, Rönnqvist M, editors. Energy, Natural Resources and Environmental Economics. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2010.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Debnath L, Shah FA. The Wigner–Ville Distribution and Time–Frequency Signal Analysis. In: Shah FA, editor. Wavelet Transforms and Their Applications. Boston, MA: Birkhäuser; 2015. p. 287–336.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Anesthesia.

Blog post

1. Andrew E. Watch Diver Fend Off Sea Lion Attack [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2014 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/watch-diver-fend-sea-lion-attack/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Higher Education: Information on Incentive Compensation Violations Substantiated by the U.S. Department of Education. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2010 Feb. Report No.: GAO-10-370R.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Adams S. A study of childhood eating habits in the United States and their association with race and gender [Doctoral dissertation]. [Long Beach, CA]: California State University, Long Beach; 2013.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Vecsey G. ‘Mixed Results’ for U.S.; Uncertain Future for Coach. New York Times. 2010 Jun 29;B10.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Anesthesia
Abbreviation	J. Anesth.
ISSN (print)	0913-8668
ISSN (online)	1438-8359
Scope	Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine