How to format your references using the Journal of Applied Electrochemistry citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Applied Electrochemistry. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Levine JM (2016) Ecology: A trail map for trait-based studies. Nature 529:163–164

A journal article with 2 authors

Rossky PJ, Walker GC (2010) Retrospective. Paul F. Barbara (1953-2010). Science 330:1191

A journal article with 3 authors

Gagnon K, Chadwell CD, Norabuena E (2005) Measuring the onset of locking in the Peru-Chile trench with GPS and acoustic measurements. Nature 434:205–208

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Sundar LS, Singh MK, Ramana EV, et al (2014) Enhanced thermal conductivity and viscosity of nanodiamond-nickel nanocomposite nanofluids. Sci Rep 4:4039

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Equipment Testing Procedures Committee (2007) Positive Displacement Pumps. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ

An edited book

Kirchner J, Morgenroth S, Marshall T (2016) Transfer of Business and Acquired Employee Rights: A Practical Guide for Europe and Across the Globe. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

A chapter in an edited book

Alpay D, Jorgensen P, Lewkowicz I (2013) Extending Wavelet Filters: Infinite Dimensions, the Nonrational Case, and Indefinite Inner Product Spaces. In: Andrews TD, Balan R, Benedetto JJ, et al (eds) Excursions in Harmonic Analysis, Volume 2: The February Fourier Talks at the Norbert Wiener Center. Birkhäuser, Boston, MA, pp 69–111

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Applied Electrochemistry.

Blog post

Luntz S (2014) Japan May Offer America Free Maglev Train Technology. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/technology/japan-may-offer-america-free-maglev-train-technology/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2006) Business Systems Modernization: Internal Revenue Service’s Fiscal Year 2006 Expenditure Plan. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Errett R (2014) Acid Mine Drainage In The Big Muddy River Watershed. Doctoral dissertation, Southern Illinois University

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

McKINLEY JC Jr, Baker AL (2017) Trial to Open in Case That Highlights Complaints About Justice System. New York Times A21

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Applied Electrochemistry
Abbreviation	J. Appl. Electrochem.
ISSN (print)	0021-891X
ISSN (online)	1572-8838
Scope	General Chemical Engineering Electrochemistry Materials Chemistry