How to format your references using the Journal of Applied Phycology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Applied Phycology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Narasimha R (2001) Sines in terse verse. Nature 414:851

A journal article with 2 authors

Artis D, Spits H (2015) The biology of innate lymphoid cells. Nature 517:293–301

A journal article with 3 authors

Winter SS, Clark BJ, Taube JS (2015) Spatial navigation. Disruption of the head direction cell network impairs the parahippocampal grid cell signal. Science 347:870–874

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Martin KH, Slack JK, Boerner SA, et al (2002) Integrin connections map: to infinity and beyond. Science 296:1652–1653

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Lau VKN, Ricky Kwok Y-K (2006) Channel-Adaptive Technologies and Cross-Layer Designs for Wireless Systems with Multiple Antennas. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ

An edited book

Zimmermann K-H (2008) DNA Computing Models. Springer US, Boston, MA

A chapter in an edited book

Cramp DS (2008) The Trial Judge. In: Kraushar MF (ed) Risk Prevention in Ophthalmology. Springer, New York, NY, pp 37–39

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Applied Phycology.

Blog post

Davis J (2015) Type 2 Diabetes Might Be Caused By Your Bacteria. In: IFLScience. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1990) Pell Grants: How the Department of Education Estimates Program Costs. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Rodriguez D (2017) Numerical Simulation of a Flowfield Around a Hypersonic Missile with Lateral Jets. Doctoral dissertation, Florida Atlantic University

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Saslow L (2007) Board Renewing Searches By Trained Dogs at School. New York Times 14LI2

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Narasimha 2001).
This sentence cites two references (Narasimha 2001; Artis and Spits 2015).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Artis and Spits 2015)
Three or more authors: (Martin et al. 2002)

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Applied Phycology
Abbreviation	J. Appl. Phycol.
ISSN (print)	0921-8971
ISSN (online)	1573-5176
Scope	Aquatic Science Plant Science