How to format your references using the Journal of Applied Physiology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Applied Physiology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Hatfull GF. Microbiology. A tail of two specifi-cities. Science 295: 2031–2032, 2002.

A journal article with 2 authors

MacLeod DA, Morse AP. Visualizing the uncertainty in the relationship between seasonal average climate and malaria risk. Sci Rep 4: 7264, 2014.

A journal article with 3 authors

Mutanen M, Kaila L, Tabell J. Wide-ranging barcoding aids discovery of one-third increase of species richness in presumably well-investigated moths. Sci Rep 3: 2901, 2013.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Jeon J-W, Cho I-H, Ha U-H, Seo S-K, Paek S-H. Chemiluminometric immuno-analysis of innate immune response against repetitive bacterial stimulations for the same mammalian cells. Sci Rep 4: 6011, 2014.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Laplante PA, Ovaska SJ. Real-Time Systems Design and Analysis. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2011.

An edited book

Yeluri R. Building the Infrastructure for Cloud Security: A Solutions view. Berkeley, CA: Apress, 2014.

A chapter in an edited book

Bauer J, Ebert A. Virtual Buttons for Eyes-Free Interaction: A Study. In: Human-Computer Interaction – INTERACT 2015: 15th IFIP TC 13 International Conference, Bamberg, Germany, September 14-18, 2015, Proceedings, Part I, edited by Abascal J, Barbosa S, Fetter M, Gross T, Palanque P, Winckler M. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015, p. 47–54.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Applied Physiology.

Blog post

Luntz S. Nitrogen-Fed Bacteria Could Power Our Future. IFLScience IFLScience: 2015.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. School Meal Programs: Competitive Foods Are Available in Many Schools; Actions Taken to Restrict Them Differ by State and Locality. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 2004.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Gopalappa C. Three essays on analytical models to improve early detection of cancer. University of South Florida: 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Jeffries MP. The Rage in Harlem, and Beyond. New York Times: BR18, 2017.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (2).
This sentence cites two references (2, 4).
This sentence cites four references (2, 4, 6, 8).

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Applied Physiology
Abbreviation	J. Appl. Physiol.
ISSN (print)	8750-7587
ISSN (online)	1522-1601
Scope	Physiology Physiology (medical)