How to format your references using the Journal of Avian Biology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Avian Biology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Goldstein, L. 2012. US election: Know your representatives. – Nature 489: 494–495.

A journal article with 2 authors

Zhang, W. and Luck, S. J. 2008. Discrete fixed-resolution representations in visual working memory. – Nature 453: 233–235.

A journal article with 3 authors

Lund, D. C., Lynch-Stieglitz, J. and Curry, W. B. 2006. Gulf Stream density structure and transport during the past millennium. – Nature 444: 601–604.

A journal article with 99 or more authors

Clare, D. K., Bakkes, P. J., van Heerikhuizen, H., van der Vies, S. M. and Saibil, H. R. 2009. Chaperonin complex with a newly folded protein encapsulated in the folding chamber. – Nature 457: 107–110.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Peterson, R. L. and Murtha, F. F. 2010. MarketPsych. – John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Fisher, M., Sadri, F. and Thielscher, M.Eds. 2009. Computational Logic in Multi-Agent Systems: 9th International Workshop, CLIMA IX, Dresden, Germany, September 29-30, 2008. Revised Selected and Invited Papers. – Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Mallikarjuna, K., Sushma, N. J. and Deva Prasad Raju, B. 2013. Novel, Fast, Bio-Derivatized Sonochemical Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles by Using Piper betle Leaf Broth as a Reducing and Capping Agent. – In: Giri, P. K. et al. (eds), Advanced Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology: Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Advanced Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, Dec 8-10, 2011, Guwahati, India, Springer Proceedings in Physics. Springer, pp. 41–49.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Avian Biology.

Blog post

Andrew, E. 2015. Calories In, Calories Out – Obesity And The Energy Imbalance Gap. – IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 1990. Defaulted Student Loans: Analysis of Defaulted Borrowers at Schools Accredited by Seven Agencies.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Ugwu, R. I. 2012. Perceptions of elementary teachers from an urban school district in Southern California regarding their inquiry-based science instructional practices, assessment methods, and professional development. – Doctoral dissertation, Pepperdine University.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Robbins, J. and Sulzberger, A. G. 2009. Onboard Device Could Offer Clue to Montana Crash. – New York Times. : A21.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Goldstein 2012).
This sentence cites two references (Zhang and Luck 2008, Goldstein 2012).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Zhang and Luck 2008)
Three or more authors: (Clare et al. 2009)

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Avian Biology
Abbreviation	J. Avian Biol.
ISSN (print)	0908-8857
ISSN (online)	1600-048X
Scope	Animal Science and Zoology Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics