How to format your references using the Journal of Big Data citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Big Data. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Garwood R. Uprooting researchers can drive them out of science. Nature. 2014;510:313.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Matsuura Y, Stewart M. Structural basis for the assembly of a nuclear export complex. Nature. 2004;432:872–7.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Zheludev I, Smith R, Aste T. When can social media lead financial markets? Sci Rep. 2014;4:4213.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Shelton RK, Ma LS, Kapteyn HC, Murnane MM, Hall JL, Ye J. Phase-coherent optical pulse synthesis from separate femtosecond lasers. Science. 2001;293:1286–9.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Lippold JC. Welding Metallurgy and Weldability. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc; 2015.

An edited book

1. Bostan B, editor. Gamer Psychology and Behavior. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Joppke C. European Immigrant Integration After Multiculturalism. In: Battistella G, editor. Global and Asian Perspectives on International Migration. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2014. p. 77–99.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Big Data.

Blog post

1. O`Callaghan J. Everything You Need To Know About Proxima b, The Closest Earth-Like Exoplanet To Earth [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2016 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. https://www.iflscience.com/space/everything-you-need-to-know-about-proxima-b-the-closest-earthlike-exoplanet-to-earth/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Information Technology: Implementing Best Practices and Reform Initiatives Can Help Improve the Management of Investments. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2014 May. Report No.: GAO-14-596T.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Gilkes DM. Multiple modes of Mdmx regulation affect p53 activation [Doctoral dissertation]. [Tampa, FL]: University of South Florida; 2008.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Hodgman J. Bonus Advice From Judge John Hodgman. New York Times. 2017 Mar 3;MM20.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Big Data
Abbreviation	J. Big Data
ISSN (online)	2196-1115
Scope