How to format your references using the Journal of Bioethical Inquiry citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Bioethical Inquiry. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Keil, Frank C. 2011. Psychology. Science starts early. Science (New York, N.Y.) 331: 1022–1023.

A journal article with 2 authors

Kriaucionis, Skirmantas, and Nathaniel Heintz. 2009. The nuclear DNA base 5-hydroxymethylcytosine is present in Purkinje neurons and the brain. Science (New York, N.Y.) 324: 929–930.

A journal article with 3 authors

Houlié, N., D. Dreger, and A. Kim. 2014. GPS source solution of the 2004 Parkfield earthquake. Scientific reports 4: 3646.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Huang, Yangyu, Shiyong Liu, Dachuan Guo, Lin Li, and Yi Xiao. 2013. A novel protocol for three-dimensional structure prediction of RNA-protein complexes. Scientific reports 3: 1887.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Riches, John. 2008. Galatians Through the Centuries. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing Ltd.

An edited book

Lü, Qi. 2014. General Pontryagin-Type Stochastic Maximum Principle and Backward Stochastic Evolution Equations in Infinite Dimensions. Edited by Xu Zhang. SpringerBriefs in Mathematics. Cham: Springer International Publishing.

A chapter in an edited book

Pfeiffer, Friedrich. 2008. Power Transmission. In Mechanical System Dynamics, ed. Friedrich Pfeiffer, 213–328. Lecture Notes in Applied and Computational Mechanics. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Bioethical Inquiry.

Blog post

Andrew, Elise. 2015. Meet The Ghost Sharks And Deep-Sea Demons That Will Haunt Your Dreams. IFLScience. IFLScience. October 30.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 2015. Technology Assessment: Water in the Energy Sector: Reducing Freshwater Use in Hydraulic Fracturing and Thermoelectric Power Plant Cooling. GAO-15-545. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Rodgers, Rachel. 2017. Phylogenomic Analysis of Fundulidae Using RNA-Sequencing Data. Doctoral dissertation, Edwardsville, IL: Southern Illinois University.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Vecsey, George. 2010. Fans Voice Frustration, But Mets Leave It Behind. New York Times, April 6.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Keil 2011).
This sentence cites two references (Kriaucionis and Heintz 2009; Keil 2011).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Kriaucionis and Heintz 2009)
Three or more authors: (Huang et al. 2013)

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Bioethical Inquiry
ISSN (print)	1176-7529
ISSN (online)	1872-4353
Scope