How to format your references using the Journal of Biomedical Informatics: X citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Biomedical Informatics: X. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

E. Masood, Pakistan must seize the chance to revive its science, Nature 500 (2013) 7.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

M. Chen, X. Yan, Comment on “Grain boundary-mediated plasticity in nanocrystalline nickel,” Science 308 (2005) 356; author reply 356.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

L.G. Cuello, D.M. Cortes, E. Perozo, Molecular architecture of the KvAP voltage-dependent K+ channel in a lipid bilayer, Science 306 (2004) 491–495.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

P. Marhava, A.E.L. Bassukas, M. Zourelidou, M. Kolb, B. Moret, A. Fastner, W.X. Schulze, P. Cattaneo, U.Z. Hammes, C. Schwechheimer, C.S. Hardtke, A molecular rheostat adjusts auxin flux to promote root protophloem differentiation, Nature 558 (2018) 297–300.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

I. Cox, M.A. Gaudard, M.L. Stephens, Visual Six Sigma, Second Edition, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ, 2016.

An edited book

[1]

V. Rovenski, P. Walczak, eds., Geometry and its Applications, Springer International Publishing, Cham, 2014.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

A. Mousley, E. Novozhilova, M.J. Kimber, T.A. Day, A.G. Maule, Neuropeptide Physiology in Helminths, in: T.G. Geary, A.G. Maule (Eds.), Neuropeptide Systems as Targets for Parasite and Pest Control, Springer US, Boston, MA, 2010: pp. 78–97.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Biomedical Informatics: X.

Blog post

[1]

S. Luntz, The First Life Forms Might Not Have Needed Phosphate, IFLScience (2017). https://www.iflscience.com/chemistry/the-first-life-forms-might-not-have-needed-phosphate/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office, Desegregation Activities: Administration of Education Grant Funds at the Cleveland School District, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 1989.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Y. Oh, Prediction of Steady State Response in Dynamic Mode Atomic Force Microscopy and Its Applications in Nano-metrology, Doctoral dissertation, Ohio State University, 2006.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

B. Rothenberg, No. 1 Ranking in Hand, Pliskova Aims for a Major Title, New York Times (2017) B10.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Biomedical Informatics: X
ISSN (print)	2590-177X
Scope