How to format your references using the Journal of Bone and Mineral Research citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Bone and Mineral Research (JBMR). For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Ellis J. There’s a place for the theory of everything. Nature. 2000 Jan 20;403(6767):241–2.

A journal article with 2 authors

Araújo MB, Rahbek C. Ecology. How does climate change affect biodiversity? Science. 2006 Sep 8;313(5792):1396–7.

A journal article with 3 authors

Parsons T, Ji C, Kirby E. Stress changes from the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake and increased hazard in the Sichuan basin. Nature. 2008 Jul 24;454(7203):509–10.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Park S, Roelofs J, Kim W, Robert J, Schmidt M, Gygi SP, Finley D. Hexameric assembly of the proteasomal ATPases is templated through their C termini. Nature. 2009 Jun 11;459(7248):866–70.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Anson EM. Alexander’s Heirs. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2014.

An edited book

Dutt AK, Noble AG, Costa FJ, Thakur RR, Thakur SK, editors. Spatial Diversity and Dynamics in Resources and Urban Development: Volume II: Urban Development. 1st ed. 2016. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

Budka M, Eastwood M, Gabrys B, Kadlec P, Martin Salvador M, Schwan S, Tsakonas A, Žliobaitė I. From Sensor Readings to Predictions: On the Process of Developing Practical Soft Sensors. In: Blockeel H, Leeuwen M van, Vinciotti V, editors. Advances in Intelligent Data Analysis XIII: 13th International Symposium, IDA 2014, Leuven, Belgium, October 30 – November 1, 2014. Proceedings. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2014. p. 49–60.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Bone and Mineral Research.

Blog post

Andrew E. Insect Exoskeleton Shedding Is Like Having Your Lungs Torn Out [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2014 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/insect-exoskeleton-shedding-having-your-lungs-torn-out/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Airline Deregulation: Addressing the Air Service Problems of Some Communities. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1997 Jun. Report No.: T-RCED-97-187.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Gomez-Zuebisch LC. A phenomenological exploration of the learning values derived from instructional short videos among adult learners [Doctoral dissertation]. [Phoenix, AZ]: University of Phoenix; 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Markoff J. Creating a Safer Phone Battery (This One Won’t Catch Fire). New York Times. 2016 Dec 12;B1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference ⁽¹⁾.
This sentence cites two references ^(1,2).
This sentence cites four references ^(1–4).

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Bone and Mineral Research
Abbreviation	J. Bone Miner. Res.
ISSN (print)	0884-0431
ISSN (online)	1523-4681
Scope	Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism Orthopedics and Sports Medicine