How to format your references using the Journal of Bridge Engineering citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Bridge Engineering. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Morsink, S. 2000. “ASTROPHYSICS: Signs of Extreme Gravity.” Science (New York, N.Y.), 290 (5493): 945–946.

A journal article with 2 authors

Ottino, J. M., and S. Wiggins. 2004. “Applied physics. Designing optimal micromixers.” Science (New York, N.Y.), 305 (5683): 485–486.

A journal article with 3 authors

Sachs, R., Z. Lin, and J. Shi. 2014. “Ferroelectric-like SrTiO3 surface dipoles probed by graphene.” Scientific reports, 4: 3657.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Blewitt, G., D. Lavallée, P. Clarke, and K. Nurutdinov. 2001. “A new global mode of Earth deformation: seasonal cycle detected.” Science (New York, N.Y.), 294 (5550): 2342–2345.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Pease, G. 2015. Optimize Your Greatest Asset-Your People. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Ajith, A. 2006. Stigmergic Optimization. Studies in Computational Intelligence. Edited by G. Crina and R. Vitorino. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Kaltsas, G. A., and G. Chrousos. 2011. “Pseudo-Cushing’s Syndrome.” Cushing’s Disease, Endocrine Updates, edited by B. Swearingen and B. M. K. Biller, 57–70. Boston, MA: Springer US.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Bridge Engineering.

Blog post

Andrew, E. 2015. “Fracking Technique Raises Prospect Of Better Prediction Of mega-Earthquakes.” IFLScience. IFLScience. Accessed October 30, 2018.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 2007. Social Security Numbers: Federal Actions Could Further Decrease Availability in Public Records, though Other Vulnerabilities Remain. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Shimazoe, J. 2012. “The power of forgotten opinions: Why an organization chooses inaction over the public’s safety.” Doctoral dissertation, University of North Carolina.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kishkovsky, S. 2003. “A New Glasnost On War’s Looted Art.” New York Times, March 12, 2003.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Morsink 2000).
This sentence cites two references (Morsink 2000; Ottino and Wiggins 2004).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Ottino and Wiggins 2004)
Three or more authors: (Blewitt et al. 2001)

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Bridge Engineering
Abbreviation	J. Bridge Eng.
ISSN (print)	1084-0702
ISSN (online)	1943-5592
Scope	Civil and Structural Engineering Building and Construction