How to format your references using the Journal of Chiropractic Medicine citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Chiropractic Medicine. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Gershon D. Partners resolve their differences and unite at the second attempt. Nature. 2000;405(6783):258.

A journal article with 2 authors

Zhuo S, Ni M. Label-free and real-time imaging of dehydration-induced DNA conformational changes in cellular nucleus using second harmonic microscopy. Sci Rep. 2014;4:7416.

A journal article with 3 authors

Buehler MJ, Abraham FF, Gao H. Hyperelasticity governs dynamic fracture at a critical length scale. Nature. 2003;426(6963):141-146.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Choi G, Kwon OJ, Oh Y, Yun CO, Choy JH. Inorganic nanovehicle targets tumor in an orthotopic breast cancer model. Sci Rep. 2014;4:4430.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Zito R. Electrochemical Water Processing. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2011.

An edited book

Pennisi A. Darwinian Biolinguistics: Theory and History of a Naturalistic Philosophy of Language and Pragmatics. Vol 12. (Falzone A, ed.). Springer International Publishing; 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

Hood-Daniel P, Kelly JF. Cutting the Parts II. In: Kelly JF, ed. Printing in Plastic: Build Your Own 3D Printer. Apress; 2011:49-67.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Chiropractic Medicine.

Blog post

Andrew D. Memory And Sense Of Self May Play More Of A Role In Autism Than We Thought. IFLScience. August 8, 2016. Accessed October 30, 2018. https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/memory-and-sense-of-self-may-play-more-of-a-role-in-autism-than-we-thought/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. FCC: Service and Auction Rules for the 38.6-40.0 GHz Frequency Band. U.S. Government Printing Office; 1998.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Moshfegh N. The Multidimensional Wellbeing Assessment: Preliminary Validation in an Iranian Sample. Doctoral dissertation. Pepperdine University; 2014.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

(nyt) SK. World Briefing | Europe: Russia: Army Diet Found Lacking. New York Times. November 14, 2003:A6.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Chiropractic Medicine
Abbreviation	J. Chiropr. Med.
ISSN (print)	1556-3707
Scope	Chiropractics