How to format your references using the Journal of Clinical and Translational Science citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Clinical and Translational Science (JCTS). For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Smaglik P. A chemical imbalance. Nature 2002; 418(6894): 3.

A journal article with 2 authors

Mandelli D, Tosatti E. Nanophysics: Microscopic friction emulators. Nature 2015; 526(7573): 332–333.

A journal article with 3 authors

Kreiman G, Koch C, Fried I. Imagery neurons in the human brain. Nature 2000; 408(6810): 357–361.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Donohoe ME, Silva SS, Pinter SF, Xu N, Lee JT. The pluripotency factor Oct4 interacts with Ctcf and also controls X-chromosome pairing and counting. Nature 2009; 460(7251): 128–132.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

O’Malley C. Bonds Without Borders. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2014.

An edited book

Turner DA, editor. Quality in Higher Education. Rotterdam: SensePublishers, 2011.

A chapter in an edited book

Chaudhary M, Kumar A. DOM Manipulation with jQuery. In: Kumar A, ed. Practical jQuery. Berkeley, CA: Apress, 2015:75–98.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Clinical and Translational Science.

Blog post

Hamilton K. This New Treatment Could Make Pancreatic Cancer A Manageable Disease. IFLScience. IFLScience, Feb 10, 2017, Accessed October 30, 2018.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Air Force Assessment of the Joint Strike Fighter’s Aerial Refueling Method. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 2005 Mar. Report No.: GAO-05-316R.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Saifman HP. Millennial Nurse Manager Perspectives on Their Leadership Roles in the Hospital Setting: A Phenomenological Inquiry [Doctoral dissertation]. Boca Raton, FL: Florida Atlantic University, 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

St. John Kelly E. NEIGHBORHOOD REPORT: MARINE PARK -- UPDATE ; Mariners Are Still Riding High. New York Times. 1997; 1410.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Clinical and Translational Science
ISSN (online)	2059-8661
Scope