How to format your references using the Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

MacWilliams B. It’s a dog’s life for Siberian foxes. Nature. 2001 Aug 30;412(6850):845.

A journal article with 2 authors

Mattaj IW, Tocchini-Valentini GP. Laying solid foundations for Europe. Nature. 2007 May 24;447(7143):377–8.

A journal article with 3 authors

Green BM, Finn KJ, Li JJ. Loss of DNA replication control is a potent inducer of gene amplification. Science. 2010 Aug 20;329(5994):943–6.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Wagner R, Li J, Kenar E, Kohlbacher O, Machicao F, Häring HU, et al. Clinical and non-targeted metabolomic profiling of homozygous carriers of Transcription Factor 7-like 2 variant rs7903146. Sci Rep. 2014 Jun 13;4:5296.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Svensson H. Cable-Stayed Bridges. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA; 2012.

An edited book

Peschek GA, Obinger C, Renger G, editors. Bioenergetic Processes of Cyanobacteria: From Evolutionary Singularity to Ecological Diversity. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2011. XXXIV, 720 p. 173 illus., 72 illus. in color.

A chapter in an edited book

Hess S, Bierlaire M, Polak JW. Capturing Correlation and Taste Heterogeneity with Mixed GEV Models. In: Scarpa R, Alberini A, editors. Applications of Simulation Methods in Environmental and Resource Economics. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2005. p. 55–75. (The Economics of Non-Market Goods and Resources).

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology.

Blog post

O`Callaghan J. “Moonspike” Project Plans To Crash A Spacecraft Into The Lunar Surface [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2015 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/space/moonspike-project-plans-crash-spacecraft-lunar-surface/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Operation of the Copyright Royalty Tribunal. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1981 Jun. Report No.: 115478.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

DeLima LE. Implementing an Innovative Educational Program in an Era of Accountability: An Interview Study of the Expeditionary Learning Program [Doctoral dissertation]. [Washington, DC]: George Washington University; 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Eligon J. Australia Through American Eyes. New York Times. 2017 Jun 26;A6.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology
Abbreviation	J. Clin. Gastroenterol.
ISSN (print)	0192-0790
ISSN (online)	1539-2031
Scope	Gastroenterology