Reference management. Clean and simple.

200,000+ happy users

How to format your references using the Journal of Clinical Medicine citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Clinical Medicine. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

PaperpileThe citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNoteFind the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and othersThe style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeXBibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author
1.
Spiegel, A. Cell Signaling. Beta-Arrestin--Not Just for G Protein-Coupled Receptors. Science 2003, 301, 1338–1339.
A journal article with 2 authors
1.
Bonnell, I.A.; Rice, W.K.M. Star Formation around Supermassive Black Holes. Science 2008, 321, 1060–1062.
A journal article with 3 authors
1.
Perrin, R.J.; Fagan, A.M.; Holtzman, D.M. Multimodal Techniques for Diagnosis and Prognosis of Alzheimer’s Disease. Nature 2009, 461, 916–922.
A journal article with 4 or more authors
1.
Xiao, T.; Takagi, J.; Coller, B.S.; Wang, J.-H.; Springer, T.A. Structural Basis for Allostery in Integrins and Binding to Fibrinogen-Mimetic Therapeutics. Nature 2004, 432, 59–67.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book
1.
Bernström, S. Valuation; John Wiley & Sons, Ltd: Chichester, UK, 2014; ISBN 9781118903889.
An edited book
1.
Submarine Mass Movements and Their Consequences: 7th International Symposium; Lamarche, G., Mountjoy, J., Bull, S., Hubble, T., Krastel, S., Lane, E., Micallef, A., Moscardelli, L., Mueller, C., Pecher, I., Woelz, S., Eds.; Advances in Natural and Technological Hazards Research; 1st ed. 2016.; Springer International Publishing: Cham, 2016; Vol. 41; ISBN 9783319209784.
A chapter in an edited book
1.
Angerer, C.; Nagel, M.; Brügge, B.; Gross, T. Engaging Students in Distributed Software Engineering Courses. In Managing Development and Application of Digital Technologies: Research Insights in the Munich Center for Digital Technology & Management (CDTM); Kern, E.-M., Hegering, H.-G., Brügge, B., Eds.; Springer: Berlin, Heidelberg, 2006; pp. 57–68 ISBN 9783540341284.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Clinical Medicine.

Blog post
1.
Andrew, E. Crocodilians Use Tools To Lure in Prey Available online: https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/crocodilians-use-tools-lure-prey/ (accessed on 30 October 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report
1.
Government Accountability Office Air Traffic Control: Complete and Enforced Architecture Needed for FAA Systems Modernization; U.S. Government Printing Office: Washington, DC, 1997;

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation
1.
Rodriguez, R.M. Experimental Evaluation of Cooling Effectiveness and Water Conservation in a Poultry House Using Flow Blurring Atomizers. Doctoral dissertation, University of South Florida: Tampa, FL, 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article
1.
Santora, M.; Nir, S.M. A New Crime Surfaces in a Socialite’s Death. New York Times 2016, A17.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal titleJournal of Clinical Medicine
AbbreviationJ. Clin. Med.
ISSN (online)2077-0383
Scope

Other styles