How to format your references using the Journal of Clinical Pathology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Clinical Pathology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Busse FH. Physics. Visualizing the dynamics of the onset of turbulence. Science. 2004;305:1574–5.

A journal article with 2 authors

de Vernal A, Hillaire-Marcel C. Natural variability of Greenland climate, vegetation, and ice volume during the past million years. Science. 2008;320:1622–5.

A journal article with 3 authors

Liu X, Gross RL, Suits AG. ‘Heavy electron’ photoelectron spectroscopy: rotationally resolved ion pair imaging of CH3+. Science. 2001;294:2527–9.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Gegear RJ, Casselman A, Waddell S, et al. Cryptochrome mediates light-dependent magnetosensitivity in Drosophila. Nature. 2008;454:1014–8.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Center for Chemical Process Safety. Guidelines for Managing Process Safety Risks During Organizational Change. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2013.

An edited book

Papajorgji PJ. Software Engineering Techniques Applied to Agricultural Systems: An Object-Oriented and UML Approach. Boston, MA: Springer US 2006.

A chapter in an edited book

Yeung MJ, Pasieka JL. Surgical Management of Primary Hyperparathyroidism. In: A KMA, Clark OH, eds. Handbook of Parathyroid Diseases: A Case-Based Practical Guide. Boston, MA: Springer US 2012:75–92.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Clinical Pathology.

Blog post

O`Callaghan J. What The Hell Is This Bizarre Looking ‘Alien’ Creature? IFLScience. 2015. (accessed 30 October 2018)

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Exchange Programs: Observations on International Educational, Cultural, and Training Exchange Programs. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office 1993.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Sponsel H. Was sagte dieser Schiller (damals)? Schillers Antworten auf seine Kritiker nach 1945. 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Witz B. A Button-Down Game Gets a Needed Pinch of Pizazz. New York Times. 2017;B18.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Clinical Pathology
Abbreviation	J. Clin. Pathol.
ISSN (print)	0021-9746
ISSN (online)	1472-4146
Scope	General Medicine Pathology and Forensic Medicine