How to format your references using the Journal of Competitiveness citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Competitiveness. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Kaplan, K. (2009). Unmasking the impostor. Nature, 459(7245), 468–469.

A journal article with 2 authors

Roska, B., & Werblin, F. (2001). Vertical interactions across ten parallel, stacked representations in the mammalian retina. Nature, 410(6828), 583–587.

A journal article with 3 authors

Poss, K. D., Wilson, L. G., & Keating, M. T. (2002). Heart regeneration in zebrafish. Science (New York, N.Y.), 298(5601), 2188–2190.

A journal article with 21 or more authors

Günther, T., Chen, Z. F., Kim, J., Priemel, M., Rueger, J. M., Amling, M., Moseley, J. M., Martin, T. J., Anderson, D. J., & Karsenty, G. (2000). Genetic ablation of parathyroid glands reveals another source of parathyroid hormone. Nature, 406(6792), 199–203.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Bains, G. (2015). Cultural DNA. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Sen, R. (2014). Secularism and Religion in Multi-faith Societies: The Case of India (W. Wagner & C. Howarth, Eds.). Springer International Publishing.

A chapter in an edited book

Zhong, N. (2007). Ways to Develop Human-Level Web Intelligence: A Brain Informatics Perspective. In E. Franconi, M. Kifer, & W. May (Eds.), The Semantic Web: Research and Applications: 4th European Semantic Web Conference, ESWC 2007, Innsbruck, Austria, June 3-7, 2007. Proceedings (pp. 27–36). Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Competitiveness.

Blog post

Andrew, E. (2015, October 14). A Group Of Migrants Broke Into A Truck And Came Face To Face With A Polar Bear. IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/migrants-interrupt-polar-bears-trip-yorkshire-wildlife-park/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (2004). Unmanned Aerial Vehicles: Major Management Issues Facing DOD’s Development and Fielding Efforts (GAO-04-530T). U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Fortenbery, N. R. (2012). Regulation of Natural Killer Cells: SHIP-1, 2B4, and Immunomodulation by Lenalidomide [Doctoral dissertation]. University of South Florida.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Vecsey, G. (2011, November 8). The Dangerous Cocoon Of King Football. New York Times, B16.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Kaplan, 2009).
This sentence cites two references (Kaplan, 2009; Roska & Werblin, 2001).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Roska & Werblin, 2001)
Three or more authors: (Günther et al., 2000)

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Competitiveness
ISSN (print)	1804-171X
ISSN (online)	1804-1728
Scope