How to format your references using the Journal of Correctional Healthcare citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Correctional Healthcare (JCHC). For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Jasanoff S. Genome-sequencing anniversary. A living constitution. Science 2011;331(6019):872.

A journal article with 2 authors

Kirz J, Miao J. David Sayre (1924-2012). Nature 2012;484(7392):38.

A journal article with 3 authors

Bietenholz MF, Bartel N, Rupen MP. Discovery of a compact radio component in the center of supernova 1986J. Science 2004;304(5679):1947–1949.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Xiao S, Ellwood S, Calis O, et al. Broad-spectrum mildew resistance in Arabidopsis thaliana mediated by RPW8. Science 2001;291(5501):118–120.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Shelby AM, McKune CM. Small Animal Anesthesia Techniques. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd: Chichester, UK; 2014.

An edited book

Prince A, (ed). Mucosal Immunology of Acute Bacterial Pneumonia. Springer: New York, NY; 2013.

A chapter in an edited book

Tabe S. Electrospun Nanofiber Membranes and Their Applications in Water and Wastewater Treatment. In: Nanotechnology for Water Treatment and Purification. (Hu A, Apblett A. eds). Lecture Notes in Nanoscale Science and Technology Springer International Publishing: Cham; 2014; pp. 111–143.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Correctional Healthcare.

Blog post

Hale T. “Scarface,” The Beloved Bear Of Yellowstone Park, Has Been Killed. IFLScience; 2016. [Last accessed: 10/30/2018].

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. School Meal Programs: Competitive Foods Are Available in Many Schools; Actions Taken to Restrict Them Differ by State and Locality. U.S. Government Printing Office: Washington, DC; 2004.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Verret JE. Property Tax Limitations, School District Revenues, and Equity: Analyses of Pennsylvania’s Act One. Doctoral dissertation. George Washington University: Washington, DC; 2019.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Schmidt MS, Haberman M, Apuzzo M. Wary of Mueller, Trump’s Team Is Investigating His Investigators. New York Times 2017;A1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Correctional Healthcare
ISSN (print)	1078-3458
ISSN (online)	1940-5200
Scope