How to format your references using the Journal of Cross-Cultural Gerontology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Cross-Cultural Gerontology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Clarke, J. (2003). Physics. Flux qubit completes the hat trick. Science (New York, N.Y.), 299(5614), 1850–1851.

A journal article with 2 authors

Lupulescu, A. I., & Rimer, J. D. (2014). In situ imaging of silicalite-1 surface growth reveals the mechanism of crystallization. Science (New York, N.Y.), 344(6185), 729–732.

A journal article with 3 authors

Schliekelman, P., Garner, C., & Slatkin, M. (2001). Natural selection and resistance to HIV. Nature, 411(6837), 545–546.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Lu, K., Heng, X., Garyu, L., Monti, S., Garcia, E. L., Kharytonchyk, S., et al. (2011). NMR detection of structures in the HIV-1 5’-leader RNA that regulate genome packaging. Science (New York, N.Y.), 334(6053), 242–245.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Adams, N. (2013). Eclipse of Grace. Oxford, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

An edited book

Saglietti, F., & Oster, N. (Eds.). (2007). Computer Safety, Reliability, and Security: 26th International Conference, SAFECOMP 2007, Nuremberg, Germany, September 18-21, 2007. Proceedings (Vol. 4680). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Ning, G., & Zhou, Y. (2016). An Improved Differential Evolution Algorithm for Solving Absolute Value Equations. In J. Xie, Z. Chen, C. C. Douglas, W. Zhang, & Y. Chen (Eds.), High Performance Computing and Applications: Third International Conference, HPCA 2015, Shanghai, China, July 26-30, 2015, Revised Selected Papers (pp. 38–47). Cham: Springer International Publishing.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Cross-Cultural Gerontology.

Blog post

Andrew, E. (2014, June 23). Measles Outbreak Traced Back To A Single Unvaccinated Child. IFLScience. IFLScience. Accessed 30 October 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1991). Strategic Bombers: Updated Status of the B-1B Recovery Program (No. NSIAD-91-189). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Woerner, L. C. (2010). Complicated grief: A case study of pathological bereavement (Doctoral dissertation). Northcentral University, Scottsdale, AZ.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Walsh, M. W. (2016, March 14). Bills to Empower Puerto Rico to Shed Debt Face Likely G.O.P. Opposition. New York Times, p. B3.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Clarke 2003).
This sentence cites two references (Clarke 2003; Lupulescu and Rimer 2014).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Lupulescu and Rimer 2014)
Three or more authors: (Lu et al. 2011)

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Cross-Cultural Gerontology
Abbreviation	J. Cross. Cult. Gerontol.
ISSN (print)	0169-3816
ISSN (online)	1573-0719
Scope	Geriatrics and Gerontology Health(social science)