How to format your references using the Journal of Dental Education citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Dental Education. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

McGrew WC. Dental care in chimps. Science. 2000 Jun 9;288(5472):1747b.

A journal article with 2 authors

Kaplinsky NJ, Barton MK. Plant biology. Plant acupuncture: sticking PINs in the right places. Science. 2004 Oct 29;306(5697):822–3.

A journal article with 3 authors

He X, Gao L, Ma N. One-step instant synthesis of protein-conjugated quantum dots at room temperature. Sci Rep. 2013 Oct 2;3:2825.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Stanley S, Elkins-Tanton L, Zuber MT, Parmentier EM. Mars’ paleomagnetic field as the result of a single-hemisphere dynamo. Science. 2008 Sep 26;321(5897):1822–5.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Boxer H. Profitable Day and Swing Trading. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2014.

An edited book

Corcoran T, White J, Whitburn B, editors. Disability Studies: Educating for Inclusion. Rotterdam: SensePublishers; 2015. VIII, 278 p. (Innovations and Controversies, Interrogating Educational Change).

A chapter in an edited book

Kutteh WH. Inherited and Acquired Thrombophilias and Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes. In: Bashiri A, Harlev A, Agarwal A, editors. Recurrent Pregnancy Loss: Evidence-Based Evaluation, Diagnosis and Treatment. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016. p. 67–73.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Dental Education.

Blog post

Andrew E. Are We Prepared For The Next Big Mediterranean Tsunami? IFLScience. IFLScience; 2015.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Research and Development: Counterdrug Technology Assessment Center’s Process for Funding Projects. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1999 Sep. Report No.: AIMD-99-277R.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Green SW. The influence of satisfaction among African American males on community college choices [Doctoral dissertation]. [Mississippi State, MS]: Mississippi State University; 2015.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Vecsey G. A Manager Who Exceeded His Own Expectations. New York Times. 2010 Mar 1;D2.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Dental Education
Abbreviation	J. Dent. Educ.
ISSN (print)	0022-0337
ISSN (online)	1930-7837
Scope	General Medicine