How to format your references using the Journal of Diabetes and Its Complications citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Diabetes and Its Complications. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Weir K. Microbiology: Inflammatory evidence. Nature. 2015;528(7582):S130-1.

A journal article with 2 authors

Alici KB, Gallardo IF. Detecting secondary structure and surface orientation of helical peptide monolayers from resonant hybridization signals. Sci Rep. 2013;3:2956.

A journal article with 3 authors

Makovicky PJ, Apesteguía S, Agnolín FL. The earliest dromaeosaurid theropod from South America. Nature. 2005;437(7061):1007-1011.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Balch WE, Morimoto RI, Dillin A, Kelly JW. Adapting proteostasis for disease intervention. Science. 2008;319(5865):916-919.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Schütz H, Wiedemann PM, Hennings W, Mertens J, Clauberg M. Comparative Risk Assessment. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA; 2006.

An edited book

Banerjee A. SystemC and SystemC-AMS in Practice: SystemC 2.3, 2.2 and SystemC-AMS 1.0. (Sur B, ed.). Springer International Publishing; 2014.

A chapter in an edited book

Cousins D. Implementing Environmental and Social Risk Management on the Ground: Interfaces Between Clients, Investment Banks, Multi-laterals, Consultants and Contractors: A Case Study from the EBRD. In: Wendt K, ed. Responsible Investment Banking: Risk Management Frameworks, Sustainable Financial Innovation and Softlaw Standards. CSR, Sustainability, Ethics & Governance. Springer International Publishing; 2015:81-107.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Diabetes and Its Complications.

Blog post

Andrew D. Mike Pence, The US Vice President-Elect, Has Said He Doesn’t Believe That Smoking Kills. IFLScience. November 10, 2016.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Federal Communications Commission: Strategic Focus Needed to Improve Information Resources Management. U.S. Government Printing Office; 1990.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Zeedick DM. The Modified Delphi Method to Analyze the Application of Instructional Design Theory to Online Graduate Education. Doctoral dissertation. George Washington University; 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Brantley B. Theater; The Class Divide, And Its Lessons. New York Times. June 28, 2017:AR2.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Diabetes and Its Complications
Abbreviation	J. Diabetes Complications
ISSN (print)	1056-8727
Scope	Endocrinology Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism Internal Medicine