How to format your references using the Journal of Earth System Science citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Earth System Science. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Marx, Vivien. 2013. Next-generation sequencing: The genome jigsaw. Nature 501: 263–268.

A journal article with 2 authors

Levison, Harold F., and Alessandro Morbidelli. 2003. The formation of the Kuiper belt by the outward transport of bodies during Neptune’s migration. Nature 426: 419–421.

A journal article with 3 authors

Fournier, A. E., T. GrandPre, and S. M. Strittmatter. 2001. Identification of a receptor mediating Nogo-66 inhibition of axonal regeneration. Nature 409: 341–346.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Ule, Jernej, Kirk B. Jensen, Matteo Ruggiu, Aldo Mele, Aljaz Ule, and Robert B. Darnell. 2003. CLIP identifies Nova-regulated RNA networks in the brain. Science (New York, N.Y.) 302: 1212–1215.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Desai, Jatin. 2013. Innovation Engine. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Heisel, Maritta, Wouter Joosen, Javier Lopez, and Fabio Martinelli, ed. 2014. Engineering Secure Future Internet Services and Systems: Current Research. Vol. 8431. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Cham: Springer International Publishing.

A chapter in an edited book

Borbély, Dora. 2005. EU Export Specialization Patterns in Selected Accession Countries. In Structural Change and Exchange Rate Dynamics: The Economics of EU Eastern Enlargement, ed. Paul J. J. Welfens and Anna Wziątek-Kubiak, 37–72. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Earth System Science.

Blog post

Davis, Josh. 2015. New GM Rice Plant Could Increase Yield And Cut Greenhouse Gas Emissions. IFLScience. IFLScience. July 24.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 1994. Electronic Surveillance: Technologies Continue to Pose Challenges. T-AIMD-94-173. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Reilly, James M. 2008. The role of public opinion in China’s Japan policy: 1997–2007. Doctoral dissertation, Washington, DC: George Washington University.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Walsh, Mary Williams. 2010. A Footnote Explains a Dispute Over Treasury’s Bailout Figures. New York Times, November 17.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Marx 2013).
This sentence cites two references (Levison and Morbidelli 2003; Marx 2013).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Levison and Morbidelli 2003)
Three or more authors: (Ule et al. 2003)

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Earth System Science
ISSN (print)	0253-4126
ISSN (online)	0973-774X
Scope