How to format your references using the Journal of Field Ornithology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Field Ornithology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Hook, J. 2006. Mathematics. Exploring musical space. Science (New York, N.Y.) 313: 49–50.

A journal article with 2 authors

Stitzel, M.L. and G. Seydoux. 2007. Regulation of the oocyte-to-zygote transition. Science (New York, N.Y.) 316: 407–408.

A journal article with 3 authors

Maertens, G.N., S. Hare and P. Cherepanov. 2010. The mechanism of retroviral integration from X-ray structures of its key intermediates. Nature 468: 326–329.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Pfeilsticker, K., A. Lotter, C. Peters and H. Bosch. 2003. Atmospheric detection of water dimers via near-infrared absorption. Science (New York, N.Y.) 300: 2078–2080.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Rosplock, K. 2017. The Complete Direct Investing Handbook. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ.

An edited book

Hu, J. 2015. Nonlinear Stochastic Systems with Network-Induced Phenomena: Recursive Filtering and Sliding-Mode Design. Springer International Publishing, Cham.

A chapter in an edited book

Ščančar, J., E. Heath, T. Zuliani, M. Horvat, J. Kotnik, S. Perko and R. Milačič. 2015. Elements and Persistent Organic Pollutants in the Sediments of the Sava River. In The Sava River (R. Milačič, J. Ščančar & M. Paunović, eds.), pp. 95–121. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Field Ornithology.

Blog post

Fang, J. [online]. 2014. 13,000-Year-Old Nanodiamonds Found On Three Continents. IFLScience. IFLScience. <https://www.iflscience.com/environment/13000-year-old-nanodiamonds-found-three-continents/> (30 October 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 2009. Responses to Questions for the Record: March 18, 2009, Hearing on ATC Modernization: Near-Term Achievable Goals. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Balakrishnan, G. 2017. Cognitive radio cooperative spectrum sensing. Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Vecsey, G. 2011. Left on the Sideline as an Underdog Celebrates. New York Times: D7.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Hook 2006).
This sentence cites two references (Hook 2006; Stitzel and Seydoux 2007).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Stitzel and Seydoux 2007)
Three or more authors: (Pfeilsticker et al. 2003)

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Field Ornithology
Abbreviation	J. Field Ornithol.
ISSN (print)	0273-8570
ISSN (online)	1557-9263
Scope	Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics