How to format your references using the Journal of Financial Economics citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Financial Economics. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Hammerer, K., 2013. Physics. Quantum mechanics tackles mechanics. Science 342, 702–703.

A journal article with 2 authors

Sun, J.C., Bevan, M.J., 2003. Defective CD8 T cell memory following acute infection without CD4 T cell help. Science 300, 339–342.

A journal article with 3 authors

Depine, G.V., Andronicos, C.L., Phipps-Morgan, J., 2008. Near-isothermal conditions in the middle and lower crust induced by melt migration. Nature 452, 80–83.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Fleischer, J.W., Segev, M., Efremidis, N.K., Christodoulides, D.N., 2003. Observation of two-dimensional discrete solitons in optically induced nonlinear photonic lattices. Nature 422, 147–150.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Zhu, Q.K., 2005. Power Distribution Network Design For VLSI. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ.

An edited book

Yamada, K.M.T., Winnewisser, G. (Eds.), 2011. Interstellar Molecules: Their Laboratory and Interstellar Habitat, Springer Tracts in Modern Physics. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.

A chapter in an edited book

Palmaz, S., Cuadros, M., Etchegoyhen, T., 2016. Statistically-Guided Controlled Language Authoring, in: Davis, B., Pace, G.J., Wyner, A. (Eds.), Controlled Natural Language: 5th International Workshop, CNL 2016, Aberdeen, UK, July 25-27, 2016, Proceedings, Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp. 37–47.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Financial Economics.

Blog post

Davis, J., 2017. Deep Sea Expedition Records Animal Behavior Only Known From 252-Million-Year-Old Fossils [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 2016. Telecommunications: Additional Coordination and Performance Measurement Needed for High-Speed Internet Access Programs on Tribal Lands (No. GAO-16-222). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Bornheimer, M.E., 2010. The influence of leadership development programs on the community college leadership shortage: A case study (Doctoral dissertation). Northcentral University, Scottsdale, AZ.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Cowley, S., 2017. Tally of Suspect Accounts at Wells Fargo Grows by 1.4 Million. New York Times B1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Hammerer, 2013).
This sentence cites two references (Hammerer, 2013; Sun and Bevan, 2003).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Sun and Bevan, 2003)
Three or more authors: (Fleischer et al., 2003)

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Financial Economics
Abbreviation	J. financ. econ.
ISSN (print)	0304-405X
Scope	Accounting Strategy and Management Economics and Econometrics Finance