How to format your references using the Journal of Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Bacon D. Physics. Does our universe allow for robust quantum computation? Science. 2007 Sep 28;317(5846):1876–7.

A journal article with 2 authors

Jellinek AM, Manga M. The influence of a chemical boundary layer on the fixity, spacing and lifetime of mantle plumes. Nature. 2002 Aug 15;418(6899):760–3.

A journal article with 3 authors

Andrews-Hanna JC, Zuber MT, Banerdt WB. The Borealis basin and the origin of the martian crustal dichotomy. Nature. 2008 Jun 26;453(7199):1212–5.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Masai H, Yamada Y, Suzuki Y, Teramura K, Kanemitsu Y, Yoko T. Narrow energy gap between triplet and singlet excited states of Sn2+ in borate glass. Sci Rep. 2013 Dec 18;3:3541.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Wilson DA. Interpreting Land Records. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2014.

An edited book

Yoon B, Sharif R, editors. Critical Literacy Practice: Applications of Critical Theory in Diverse Settings. 1st ed. 2015. Singapore: Springer; 2015. XIX, 215 p. 4 illus., 2 illus. in color.

A chapter in an edited book

Kuś Z, Nawrat A. Object Tracking in a Picture during Rapid Camera Movements. In: Nawrat A, Kuś Z, editors. Vision Based Systemsfor UAV Applications. Heidelberg: Springer International Publishing; 2013. p. 77–91. (Studies in Computational Intelligence).

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases.

Blog post

O`Callaghan J. Burning All Remaining Fossil Fuels Could Raise Sea Levels 60 Meters [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2015 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/environment/burning-all-remaining-fossil-fuels-could-raise-sea-levels-60-metres/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Allowances for Independent Research and Development Costs in Negotiated Contracts. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1970 Mar. Report No.: 094459.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Hoover JH. The Arizona water-energy nexus: Electricity for water and wastewater services [Doctoral dissertation]. [Tucson, AZ]: University of Arizona; 2009.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

St. JOHN KELLY E. Navy Yard, Recommissioned. New York Times. 1998 Jul 26;148.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases
Abbreviation	J. Gastrointestin. Liver Dis.
ISSN (print)	1841-8724
ISSN (online)	1842-1121
Scope	Gastroenterology