How to format your references using the Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Gill, G. N. (2002). A pit stop at the ER. Science (New York, N.Y.), 295(5560), 1654–1655.

A journal article with 2 authors

Fauci, A. S., & Collins, F. S. (2012). Benefits and risks of influenza research: lessons learned. Science (New York, N.Y.), 336(6088), 1522–1523.

A journal article with 3 authors

Jeffrey, J. L., Terrett, J. A., & MacMillan, D. W. C. (2015). O-H hydrogen bonding promotes H-atom transfer from α C-H bonds for C-alkylation of alcohols. Science (New York, N.Y.), 349(6255), 1532–1536.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Morris, D. G., Huang, X., Kaminski, N., Wang, Y., Shapiro, S. D., Dolganov, G., et al. (2003). Loss of integrin alpha(v)beta6-mediated TGF-beta activation causes Mmp12-dependent emphysema. Nature, 422(6928), 169–173.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Murphy, R. (2010). Dynamic Assessment, Intelligence and Measurement. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

An edited book

Minguez, R., Sarabia, J.-M., Balakrishnan, N., & Arnold, B. C. (Eds.). (2008). Advances in Mathematical and Statistical Modeling. Boston, MA: Birkhäuser.

A chapter in an edited book

Yasmin, S., & Sourin, A. (2013). Image-Based Virtual Palpation. In M. L. Gavrilova, C. J. K. Tan, & A. Kuijper (Eds.), Transactions on Computational Science XVIII: Special Issue on Cyberworlds (pp. 61–80). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth.

Blog post

Andrews, R. (2016, August 8). NASA Has Mapped The Fragmented Underbelly Of The Greenland Ice Sheet. Retrieved October 30, 2018, from https://www.iflscience.com/environment/nasa-mapped-fragmented-underbelly-greenland-ice-sheet/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1984). Better Management Controls and ADP Requirements Analysis Can Help NASA Lewis Research Center (No. IMTEC-84-25). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Knight, M. (2012). Technological Advancement in Conflict Assessment: A Case Study of the Fund for Peace’s Universal Network of Local Knowledge in Liberia (Doctoral dissertation). George Washington University, Washington, DC.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kelly, D. A. (2007, June 22). Trails, Trains and a Syrup House in Woodstock, Vt. New York Times, p. F8.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Gill, 2002).
This sentence cites two references (Fauci & Collins, 2012; Gill, 2002).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Fauci & Collins, 2012)
Three or more authors: (Morris et al., 2003)

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth
Abbreviation	J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth
ISSN (print)	2169-9313
ISSN (online)	2169-9356
Scope