How to format your references using the Journal of Geosciences citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Geosciences. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Haszeldine RS (2009) Carbon capture and storage: how green can black be? Science 325:1647–1652

A journal article with 2 authors

Wilson PA, Norris RD (2001) Warm tropical ocean surface and global anoxia during the mid-Cretaceous period. Nature 412:425–429

A journal article with 3 authors

Gray HM, Gray K, Wegner DM (2007) Dimensions of mind perception. Science 315:619

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Lloyd-Fox S, Papademetriou M, Darboe MK, et al (2014) Functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to assess cognitive function in infants in rural Africa. Sci Rep 4:4740

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Coutts J (2013) Loft Conversions. Blackwell Publishing Ltd, Oxford

An edited book

Emmi L (ed) (2014) Behçet’s Syndrome: From Pathogenesis to Treatment. Springer, Milano

A chapter in an edited book

Becvar DS (2013) Facilitating Family Resilience in Clinical Practice. In: Becvar DS (ed) Handbook of Family Resilience. Springer, New York, NY, pp 51–64

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Geosciences.

Blog post

Carpineti C (2017) Someone Has Created The World’s First Adult “Service” Droid And It’s Terrifying. In: IFLScience. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1986) Glossary of EDP Terminology. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Weisblatt BH (2010) The numinous on Russian soil: A depth psychological interpretation of religious experience in “The Brothers Karamazov.” Doctoral dissertation, Pacifica Graduate Institute

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Belson K, Pilon M (2012) Felix’s 200-Meter Win May Help Settle the 100. New York Times SP7

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Haszeldine 2009).
This sentence cites two references (Wilson and Norris 2001; Haszeldine 2009).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Wilson and Norris 2001)
Three or more authors: (Lloyd-Fox et al. 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Geosciences
ISSN (print)	1802-6222
ISSN (online)	1803-1943
Scope