How to format your references using the Journal of Hand and Microsurgery citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Hand and Microsurgery. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Yakir D (2002) Global enzymes: sphere of influence. Nature 416:795

A journal article with 2 authors

Strain AJ, Neuberger JM (2002) A bioartificial liver--state of the art. Science 295:1005–1009

A journal article with 3 authors

Choi W-Y, Giraldez AJ, Schier AF (2007) Target protectors reveal dampening and balancing of Nodal agonist and antagonist by miR-430. Science 318:271–274

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Palmer LE, Rabinowicz PD, O’Shaughnessy AL, et al (2003) Maize genome sequencing by methylation filtration. Science 302:2115–2117

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Primak SL, Kontorovich V (2011) Wireless Multi-Antenna Channels. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK

An edited book

Garcia-Alfaro J, Navarro-Arribas G, Aldini A, et al (2016) Data Privacy Management, and Security Assurance: 10th International Workshop, DPM 2015, and 4th International Workshop, QASA 2015, Vienna, Austria, September 21–22, 2015. Revised Selected Papers, 1st ed. 2016. Springer International Publishing, Cham

A chapter in an edited book

Evgen’ev MB, Garbuz DG, Zatsepina OG (2014) Heat Shock Proteins and Adaptation to Variable and Extreme Environments. In: Garbuz DG, Zatsepina OG (eds) Heat Shock Proteins and Whole Body Adaptation to Extreme Environments. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, pp 59–115

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Hand and Microsurgery.

Blog post

Fang J (2015) Vampire Spiders Hunt Blood-Filled, Malaria-Spreading Mosquitoes. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/vampire-spiders-hunt-blood-filled-malaria-spreading-mosquitoes/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1994) Smart Highways: Challenges Facing DOT’s Intelligent Vehicle Highway Systems Program. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Duerr PS (2015) Investigation of marine waterjet inlets during turning maneuvers. Doctoral dissertation, Florida Atlantic University

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Strauss B (2016) In Baltimore, This Song Is Their Song. New York Times D3

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Hand and Microsurgery
Abbreviation	J. Hand Microsurg.
ISSN (print)	0974-3227
ISSN (online)	0974-6897
Scope