How to format your references using the Journal of Hospital Total Quality Management citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Hospital Total Quality Management. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Eyre-Walker A. Evolution. Size does not matter for mitochondrial DNA. Science 2006;312:537–8.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Agarwal N, Bishai WR. Microbiology. Subversion from the sidelines. Science 2010;327:417–8.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Palla G, Barabási A-L, Vicsek T. Quantifying social group evolution. Nature 2007;446:664–7.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Mikosch J, Trippel S, Eichhorn C, Otto R, Lourderaj U, Zhang JX, et al. Imaging nucleophilic substitution dynamics. Science 2008;319:183–6.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Mackenzie AFD. Places of Possibility. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing Ltd; 2013.

An edited book

[1]

Breckle S-W, Yair A, Veste M, editors. Arid Dune Ecosystems: The Nizzana Sands in the Negev Desert. vol. 200. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2008.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Andrade WL, Machado PDL. Interruption Testing of Reactive Systems. In: Oliveira MVM, Woodcock J, editors. Formal Methods: Foundations and Applications: 12th Brazilian Symposium on Formal Methods, SBMF 2009 Gramado, Brazil, August 19-21, 2009 Revised Selected Papers, Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2009, p. 37–53.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Hospital Total Quality Management.

Blog post

[1]

Carpineti A. New Nuclear Reactor Could Hold The Secret Of Lasting Fusion. IFLScience 2015.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. Airport Funding: Changes in Aviation Activity Are Reflected in Reduced Capacity Concerns. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2015.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Johnson AS. Fatigue Behavior and Microstructure of Direct Laser Deposited Inconel 718 Alloy. Doctoral dissertation. Mississippi State University, 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Weil E. A Hole in the Heart. New York Times 2015:MM42.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Hospital Total Quality Management
ISSN (print)	2468-1202
Scope