How to format your references using the Journal of Infectious Diseases citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Infectious Diseases. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Willyard C. Tiny steps towards an HIV vaccine. Nature. 2010; 466(7304):S8.

A journal article with 2 authors

Wade J, Wood BJ. The Earth’s “missing” niobium may be in the core. Nature. 2001; 409(6816):75–78.

A journal article with 3 authors

Mishra L, Derynck R, Mishra B. Transforming growth factor-beta signaling in stem cells and cancer. Science. 2005; 310(5745):68–71.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Tai RH, Qi Liu C, Maltese AV, Fan X. Career choice. Planning early for careers in science. Science. 2006; 312(5777):1143–1144.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Soprano A. Liquidity Management. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2015.

An edited book

Ghosh A, Jain LC, editors. Evolutionary Computation in Data Mining. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2005.

A chapter in an edited book

Hinkson G, Erskine C, Heerema M, Mallott C, Keefe M, Griffith H. Exporting from Fireworks to the Web. In: Erskine C, Heerema M, Mallott C, et al., editors. Foundation Fireworks CS4. Berkeley, CA: Apress; 2009. p. 74–96.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Infectious Diseases.

Blog post

O`Callaghan J. What’s Going On At Fukushima? [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2017 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/editors-blog/whats-going-on-at-fukushima/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Review of the Health Facilities Surveyor Training Program Funded by the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1976 Sep. Report No.: HRD-76-170.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Braynen W. Beyond Price Signaling: Choice, Information and Justice [Doctoral dissertation]. [Tucson, AZ]: University of Arizona; 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Eligon J. Trump’s ‘Carnage’ Label Misses Complex Reality of Many Urban Areas. New York Times. 2017; :A12.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Infectious Diseases
Abbreviation	J. Infect. Dis.
ISSN (print)	0022-1899
ISSN (online)	1537-6613
Scope	Immunology and Allergy Infectious Diseases