How to format your references using the Journal of Internal Medicine citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Internal Medicine. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Lisse CM. Astronomy. The final flight of a Sun-diving comet. Science 2012; 335: 296–7.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Xu X, Norell MA. A new troodontid dinosaur from China with avian-like sleeping posture. Nature 2004; 431: 838–41.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Yoon S-J, Yi SK, Lee Y-W. Explaining the color distributions of globular cluster systems in elliptical galaxies. Science 2006; 311: 1129–32.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Pica P, Lemer C, Izard V, Dehaene S. Exact and approximate arithmetic in an Amazonian indigene group. Science 2004; 306: 499–503.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Durbin PA, Reif BAP. Statistical Theory and Modeling for Turbulent Flows. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2010.

An edited book

1. Curtis B. Practical Oracle Database Appliance. (Arshad F, Benner E, Elsins M, Gallagher M, Sharman P, Velikanov Y, eds.). Berkeley, CA: Apress, 2014.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Cannarsa P, D’Aprile T. Misure prodotto. In: D’Aprile T, ed. Introduzione alla teoria della misura e all’analisi funzionale. UNITEXT. Milano: Springer, 2008, 97–118.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Internal Medicine.

Blog post

1. Luntz S. Vaginal Bacteria Play Crucial Role In HIV Transmission. IFLScience 2016.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Teacher Preparation Programs: Education Should Ensure States Identify Low-Performing Programs and Improve Information-Sharing. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 2015.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Peto J. A defense of Donald Davidson’s dissolution to the problem of global skepticism. 2009.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Mann J. A Foreign Policy Team of Rivals. New York Times. December 17, 2016:SR11.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Internal Medicine
Abbreviation	J. Intern. Med.
ISSN (print)	0954-6820
ISSN (online)	1365-2796
Scope	Internal Medicine