How to format your references using the Journal of International Academy of Physical Therapy Research citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of International Academy of Physical Therapy Research (JIAPTR). For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Bocquet-Appel JP. When the world’s population took off: the springboard of the Neolithic Demographic Transition. Science. 2011;333(6042):560-561.

A journal article with 2 authors

Ahn NG, Resing KA. Cell biology. Lessons in rational drug design for protein kinases. Science. 2005;308(5726):1266-1267.

A journal article with 3 authors

Michel P, Benz W, Richardson DC. Disruption of fragmented parent bodies as the origin of asteroid families. Nature. 2003;421(6923):608-611.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Peng L, Kawagoe Y, Hogan P, Delmer D. Sitosterol-beta-glucoside as primer for cellulose synthesis in plants. Science. 2002;295(5552):147-150.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Bacon CR. Practical Risk-Adjusted Performance Measurement. John Wiley & Sons Ltd; 2012.

An edited book

Lee BB, Bergan J, Rockson SG, eds. Lymphedema: A Concise Compendium of Theory and Practice. Springer; 2011.

A chapter in an edited book

Ma AYW, Cheung BKW, Kwok KCM, Cai M, Lee PKH. Recent Advances of Anaerobic Digestion for Energy Recovery. In: Karthikeyan OP, Heimann K, Muthu SS, eds. Recycling of Solid Waste for Biofuels and Bio-Chemicals. Environmental Footprints and Eco-design of Products and Processes. Springer; 2016:87-126.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of International Academy of Physical Therapy Research.

Blog post

Hale T. Would You Wear An Engagement Ring Made Out Of Your Fiance’s Wisdom Tooth? IFLScience. November 3, 2015. Accessed October 30, 2018. https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/forget-diamonds-engagement-ring-made-out-wisdom-tooth/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Traffic Congestion: Activities to Reduce Travel Demand and Air Pollution Are Not Widely Implemented. U.S. Government Printing Office; 1992.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Haxton SA. Student Risk Perception in the Undergraduate Teaching Laboratory. Doctoral dissertation. Southern Illinois University; 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Sisario B. Pearl Jam, Shakur and Baez to Join Rock Hall of Fame. New York Times. December 20, 2016:C3.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of International Academy of Physical Therapy Research
ISSN (print)	2092-8475
Scope