How to format your references using the Journal of Landscape Ecology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Landscape Ecology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Gurnett, D. A. (2006). Obituary: James A. Van Allen (1914-2006). Nature, 443(7108), 158.

A journal article with 2 authors

Kim, S. K., & Rulifson, E. J. (2004). Conserved mechanisms of glucose sensing and regulation by Drosophila corpora cardiaca cells. Nature, 431(7006), 316–320.

A journal article with 3 authors

Fortin, N. J., Wright, S. P., & Eichenbaum, H. (2004). Recollection-like memory retrieval in rats is dependent on the hippocampus. Nature, 431(7005), 188–191.

A journal article with 21 or more authors

Grüninger, M., Rückamp, R., Windt, M., Reutler, P., Zobel, C., Lorenz, T., Freimuth, A., & Revcolevschi, A. (2002). Experimental quest for orbital waves. Nature, 418(6893), 39–40; discussion 40.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Reinhard, P.-G., & Suraud, E. (2008). Introduction to Cluster Dynamics. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH.

An edited book

Kunusch, C. (2012). Sliding-Mode Control of PEM Fuel Cells (P. Puleston & M. Mayosky, Eds.). Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Gurvits, L. (2010). On multivariate Newton-like inequalities. In I. S. Kotsireas & E. V. Zima (Eds.), Advances in Combinatorial Mathematics: Proceedings of the Waterloo Workshop in Computer Algebra 2008 (pp. 61–78). Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Landscape Ecology.

Blog post

Fang, J. (2014, June 18). UK Bans Teaching Creationism in State-Funded Schools. IFLScience. IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1988). Command and Control: Upgrades Allow Deferral of $500 Million Computer Acquisition (IMTEC-88-10). U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Driskill, K. M. (2010). A qualitative study of teacher understanding and use of differentiated instruction to promote reading achievement [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Phoenix.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Chira, S., & Alcindor, Y. (2017, January 22). Defiant Yet Jubilant Voices Flood U.S. Cities. New York Times, A1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Gurnett, 2006).
This sentence cites two references (Gurnett, 2006; Kim & Rulifson, 2004).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Kim & Rulifson, 2004)
Three or more authors: (Grüninger et al., 2002)

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Landscape Ecology
ISSN (print)	1803-2427
ISSN (online)	1805-4196
Scope