How to format your references using the Journal of Lightwave Technology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Lightwave Technology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

L. Gu, “Comment on ‘Climate and management contributions to recent trends in U.S. agricultural yields,’” Science, vol. 300, no. 5625, pp. 1505; author reply 1505, Jun. 2003.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

S. O. Rizzoli and W. J. Betz, “The structural organization of the readily releasable pool of synaptic vesicles,” Science, vol. 303, no. 5666, pp. 2037–2039, Mar. 2004.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

A. Dillin, D. K. Crawford, and C. Kenyon, “Timing requirements for insulin/IGF-1 signaling in C. elegans,” Science, vol. 298, no. 5594, pp. 830–834, Oct. 2002.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

C. Saint-Ruf, M. Panigada, O. Azogui, P. Debey, H. von Boehmer, and F. Grassi, “Different initiation of pre-TCR and gammadeltaTCR signalling,” Nature, vol. 406, no. 6795, pp. 524–527, Aug. 2000.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

C. Andersson, D. Freeman, I. James, A. Johnston, and S. Ljung, Mobile Media and Applications - From Concept to Cash. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2006.

An edited book

[1]

E. Corchado, H. Yin, V. Botti, and C. Fyfe, Eds., Intelligent Data Engineering and Automated Learning – IDEAL 2006: 7th International Conference, Burgos, Spain, September 20-23, 2006. Proceedings, vol. 4224. in Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 4224. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer, 2006.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

G. Ivan., C.-M. Jose A., C. Gonzalo, and S. F. Tomas, “Determining Practice Achievement in Project Management Using a Two-Phase Questionnaire on Small and Medium Enterprises,” in Software Process Improvement: 14th European Conference, EuroSPI 2007, Potsdam, Germany, September 26-28, 2007. Proceedings, P. Abrahamsson, N. Baddoo, T. Margaria, and R. Messnarz, Eds., in Lecture Notes in Computer Science. , Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer, 2007, pp. 46–58.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Lightwave Technology.

Blog post

[1]

S. Luntz, “Metabolic Reactions Could Have Occurred Before The Formation Of Life,” IFLScience. Accessed: Oct. 30, 2018. [Online]. Available: https://www.iflscience.com/chemistry/metabolic-reactions-could-have-occurred-formation-life/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office, “Changes Needed in the Tax Laws Governing the Exclusion for Scholarships and Fellowships and the Deduction of Job-Related Educational Expenses,” U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, GGD-78-72, Oct. 1978.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

L. J. Beattie, “Meeting the Needs of Low Income Students,” Doctoral dissertation, Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville, IL, 2013.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

J. Traub, “Hard Truths About Refugees,” New York Times, p. A27, Mar. 07, 2017.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1], [2].
This sentence cites four references [1], [2], [3], [4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Lightwave Technology
Abbreviation	J. Lightwave Technol.
ISSN (print)	0733-8724
Scope	Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics