How to format your references using the Journal of Medical Imaging and Radiation Oncology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Medical Imaging and Radiation Oncology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Gill P. Atomic clocks. Raising the standards. Science. 2001 Nov 23;294(5547):1666–8.

A journal article with 2 authors

Gibbs MJ, Gibbs AJ. Molecular virology: was the 1918 pandemic caused by a bird flu? Nature. 2006 Apr 27;440(7088):E8; discussion E9-10.

A journal article with 3 authors

Mendoza M, Succi S, Herrmann HJ. Flow through randomly curved manifolds. Sci Rep. 2013 Oct 31;3:3106.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Smolyaninova VN, Yost B, Lahneman D, Narimanov EE, Smolyaninov II. Self-assembled tunable photonic hyper-crystals. Sci Rep. 2014 Jul 16;4:5706.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Barker RM, Puckett JA. Design of Highway Bridges. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2013.

An edited book

Biswas AK, Braga B, Tortajada C, Rodriguez DJ, editors. Water Quality Management in the Americas. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2006. XVIII, 298 p. (Water Resources Development and Management).

A chapter in an edited book

O’Donohue WT. Integrated Care: Whom to Hire and How to Train. In: O’Donohue WT, James L, editors. The Primary Care Toolkit: Practical Resources for the Integrated Behavioral Care Provider. New York, NY: Springer; 2009. p. 41–51.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Medical Imaging and Radiation Oncology.

Blog post

Andrews R. Homewrecking Penguin Fights “Husband” Penguin For “Wife” In Graphic Video [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2016 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/homewrecking-penguin-fights-husband-penguin-for-wife-in-graphic-video/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Homeland Security: Improvements in Managing Research and Development Could Help Reduce Inefficiencies and Costs. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2011 Mar. Report No.: GAO-11-464T.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Hartley DL. Transnational jazz and blues: Aural aesthetics and African diasporic fiction [Doctoral dissertation]. [College Park, MD]: University of Maryland, College Park; 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Hill J, Kramer AE. No Love for Valentine’s: In Russia, Florists Bank on a Day for Women. New York Times. 2017 Mar 8;B7.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Medical Imaging and Radiation Oncology
Abbreviation	J. Med. Imaging Radiat. Oncol.
ISSN (print)	1754-9477
ISSN (online)	1754-9485
Scope	Oncology Radiology Nuclear Medicine and imaging