How to format your references using the Journal of Memory and Language citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Memory and Language. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Petley, D. N. (2013). Geophysics. Characterizing giant landslides. Science (New York, N.Y.), 339(6126), 1395–1396.

A journal article with 2 authors

Alexander, M., & Christia, F. (2011). Context modularity of human altruism. Science (New York, N.Y.), 334(6061), 1392–1394.

A journal article with 3 authors

Gunn, L. J., Allison, A., & Abbott, D. (2014). A directional wave measurement attack against the Kish key distribution system. Scientific Reports, 4, 6461.

A journal article with 21 or more authors

Dong, D., Zhao, C., Zheng, W., Wang, W., Zhao, X., & Jiao, L. (2013). Analyzing strawberry spoilage via its volatile compounds using longpath Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Scientific Reports, 3, 2585.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Kindmann, R., & Kraus, M. (2012). Steel Structures. Ernst & Sohn Verlag für Architektur und technische Wissenschaften GmbH & Co. KG.

An edited book

Fred, A., & De Marsico, M. (Eds.). (2015). Pattern Recognition Applications and Methods: International Conference, ICPRAM 2013 Barcelona, Spain, February 15-18, 2013 Revised Selected Papers (Vol. 318). Springer International Publishing.

A chapter in an edited book

Sonwani, S., Saxena, P., & Kulshrestha, U. (2016). Role of Global Warming and Plant Signaling in BVOC Emissions. In U. Kulshrestha & P. Saxena (Eds.), Plant Responses to Air Pollution (pp. 45–57). Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Memory and Language.

Blog post

Taub, B. (2016, August 17). Scientists May Have Finally Explained Déjà Vu. IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/brain/scientists-finally-explained-deja-vu/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (2005). Aviation Security: Systematic Planning Needed to Optimize the Deployment of Checked Baggage Screening Systems (GAO-05-365). U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Poyaoan-Linzaga, M. R. (2014). The effects of patient communication in early intervention for falls among the Medicare patients [Doctoral dissertation]. California State University, Long Beach.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Davey, M. (2017, May 30). Drop in Violence Gives a City Hope. New York Times, A1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Petley, 2013).
This sentence cites two references (Alexander & Christia, 2011; Petley, 2013).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Alexander & Christia, 2011)
Three or more authors: (Dong et al., 2013)

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Memory and Language
Abbreviation	J. Mem. Lang.
ISSN (print)	0749-596X
Scope	Language and Linguistics Artificial Intelligence Experimental and Cognitive Psychology Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology Linguistics and Language