How to format your references using the Journal of Microscopy citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Microscopy. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

De Libero, G. (2004). Immunology. The Robin Hood of antigen presentation. Science (New York, N.Y.), 303, 485–487.

A journal article with 2 authors

Anderson, D. L., & King, S. D. (2014). Geology. Driving the Earth machine? Science (New York, N.Y.), 346, 1184–1185.

A journal article with 3 authors

Esteban, J., Mayoral, L., & Ray, D. (2012). Ethnicity and conflict: theory and facts. Science (New York, N.Y.), 336, 858–865.

A journal article with 20 or more authors

Meyer-Luehmann, M., Spires-Jones, T. L., Prada, C., Garcia-Alloza, M., de Calignon, A., Rozkalne, A., Koenigsknecht-Talboo, J., Holtzman, D. M., Bacskai, B. J., & Hyman, B. T. (2008). Rapid appearance and local toxicity of amyloid-beta plaques in a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease. Nature, 451, 720–724.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Arendt, J. S., & Lorenzo, D. K. (2000). Evaluating Process Safety in the Chemical Industry. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ.

An edited book

Fan, Y. (2015). Thermal Transport in Oblique Finned Micro/Minichannels (Lee, P. S., Singh, P. K., and Lee, Y. J., Eds.). Springer International Publishing, Cham.

A chapter in an edited book

Crea, F., De Stefano, C., Foti, C., Lando, G., Milea, D., & Sammartano, S. (2016). Alkali Metal Ion Complexes with Phosphates, Nucleotides, Amino Acids, and Related Ligands of Biological Relevance. Their Properties in Solution, in The Alkali Metal Ions: Their Role for Life (Sigel, A., Sigel, H., and Sigel, R. K. O., Eds.), pp 133–166. Springer International Publishing, Cham.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Microscopy.

Blog post

Fang, J. (2015, January 8). Speedy But “Bearded” Ladies Get No Love From Male Lizards. IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/speedy-bearded-ladies-get-no-love-male-lizards/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1994). Air Traffic Control: Observations on Proposed Corporation. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Richardson, V. M. (2013). In vitro thyroid hormone metabolism: Effects of nuclear receptor activation on the metabolic profiles of thyroxine in rat and human hepatocytes. Doctoral dissertation, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Chira, S. (2017, March 5). Another Powerful Woman. Same Sexist Attacks. New York Times.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Microscopy
ISSN (print)	0022-2720
ISSN (online)	1365-2818
Scope