How to format your references using the Journal of Midwifery Science citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Midwifery Science. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Bardeen C. Physics. Exciton Quenching and Migration in Single Conjugated Polymers. Science. 2011;331(6017):544–5.

A journal article with 2 authors

Meziane-Cherif D, Courvalin P. Antibiotic Resistance: To the Rescue of Old Drugs. Nature. 2014;510(7506):477–8.

A journal article with 3 authors

Zhu Z, Gauthier DJ, Boyd RW. Stored Light in an Optical Fiber via Stimulated Brillouin Scattering. Science. 2007;318(5857):1748–50.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Zhang J, Baker ML, Schröder GF, Douglas NR, Reissmann S, Jakana J, et al. Mechanism of Folding Chamber Closure in a Group II Chaperonin. Nature. 2010;463(7279):379–83.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Pevsner J. Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2005.

An edited book

Qing S, Mitchell CJ, Wang G, editors. Information and Communications Security: 11th International Conference, ICICS 2009, Beijing, China, December 14-17, 2009. Proceedings. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2009.

A chapter in an edited book

Miller RR. Ethanol-Induced Lipid Peroxidation and Apoptosis in Embryopathy. In: Watson RR, Preedy VR, Zibadi S, editors. Alcohol, Nutrition, and Health Consequences. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press; 2013. p. 35–62.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Midwifery Science.

Blog post

Hamilton K. Chew On This: We Finally Know How Our Jaws Evolved. IFLScience. 2016. [Access: 30 Oct 2018]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/chew-on-this-we-finally-know-how-our-jaws-evolved/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Transportation Infrastructure: States Benefit From Block Grant Flexibility. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1990 Jun. RCED-90-126.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Allen HT. The Songs of Lori Laitman: An Analysis of Sunflowers and Early Snow [Doctoral dissertation]. Columbus, OH: Ohio State University; 2013.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Walsh MW. Insurer Overbilled Medicare, Suit Says. New York Times. 2017;B1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [2].
This sentence cites two references [2,4].
This sentence cites four references [2,4,7,8].

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Midwifery Science
ISSN (print)	2366-5076
Scope