How to format your references using the Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Keszthelyi, Laszlo P. 2011. “Planetary Science: Europa Awakening.” Nature 479 (7374): 485.

A journal article with 2 authors

Foster, K. R., and F. L. Ratnieks. 2000. “Facultative Worker Policing in a Wasp.” Nature 407 (6805): 692–693.

A journal article with 3 authors

Martini, I. B., E. R. Barthel, and B. J. Schwartz. 2001. “Optical Control of Electrons during Electron Transfer.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 293 (5529): 462–465.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Wang, Zhong, Kevin S. Smith, Mark Murphy, Obdulio Piloto, Tim C. P. Somervaille, and Michael L. Cleary. 2008. “Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 in MLL Leukaemia Maintenance and Targeted Therapy.” Nature 455 (7217): 1205–1209.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Berthold, Hans J., and Michael Binnewies. 2005. Chemisches Grundpraktikum. Weinheim, FRG: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA.

An edited book

Johansson, Tafsir. 2015. The Shipping Industry, Ocean Governance and Environmental Law in the Paradigm Shift: In Search of a Pragmatic Balance for the Arctic. Edited by Patrick Donner. SpringerBriefs in Law. Cham: Springer International Publishing.

A chapter in an edited book

Soler, Luc, and Jacques Marescaux. 2016. “Virtual Surgical Simulation: The First Steps in a New Training.” In Simulation Training: Fundamentals and Applications: Improving Professional Practice Through Simulation Training, edited by Philippe Fauquet-Alekhine and Nane Pehuet, 95–117. Cham: Springer International Publishing.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development.

Blog post

Andrew, Elise. 2015. “Whole-Body Imaging Reveals AIDS Virus’ Hiding Spots.” IFLScience, IFLScience, March 10.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 1998. China: U.S. and European Union Arms Sales Since the 1989 Embargoes. T-NSIAD-98-171. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Cebada-Ricalde, Maria Concepcion. 2014. “Synthesis and Characterization of PANI-Coated VGCNFs and Evaluation of Its Use for Corrosion Inhibition.” Doctoral dissertation, Mississippi State University.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Otis, John. 2016. “A Tutor Is Inspired to Keep Learning.” New York Times, December 14, 2016.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Keszthelyi 2011).
This sentence cites two references (Keszthelyi 2011; Foster and Ratnieks 2000).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Foster and Ratnieks 2000)
Three authors: (Martini, Barthel, and Schwartz 2001)
4 or more authors: (Wang et al. 2008)

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development
Abbreviation	J. Multiling. Multicult. Dev.
ISSN (print)	0143-4632
ISSN (online)	1747-7557
Scope	Education Linguistics and Language Cultural Studies