How to format your references using the Journal of Negative Results in BioMedicine citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Negative Results in BioMedicine. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Theise ND. Now you see it, now you don’t. Nature. 2005;435:1165.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Nori F, Tonomura A. Applied physics. Helical spin order on the move. Science. 2006;311:344–5.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Chen M, Wei L, Liu Y. Motor preparation attenuates neural variability and beta-band LFP in parietal cortex. Sci Rep. 2014;4:6809.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Sandhu AS, Gagnon E, Santra R, Sharma V, Li W, Ho P, et al. Observing the creation of electronic feshbach resonances in soft x-ray-induced O2 dissociation. Science. 2008;322:1081–5.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Tschannen-Moran B, Tschannen-Moran M. Evocative Coaching. San Francisco, CA, USA: Jossey-Bass; 2010.

An edited book

1. Li F, Li G, Hwang S-W, Yao B, Zhang Z, editors. Web-Age Information Management: 15th International Conference, WAIM 2014, Macau, China, June 16-18, 2014. Proceedings. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2014.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Hunt JE, Wynn RB, Croudace IW. Identification, Correlation and Origin of Multistage Landslide Events in Volcaniclastic Turbidites in the Moroccan Turbidite System. In: Croudace IW, Rothwell RG, editors. Micro-XRF Studies of Sediment Cores: Applications of a non-destructive tool for the environmental sciences. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2015. p. 147–72.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Negative Results in BioMedicine.

Blog post

1. Andrew E. New Species Of Scorpion Discovered [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2013 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/new-species-scorpion-discovered/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Excess Classroom Space--A Case for Better Planning. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1977 Sep. Report No.: GGD-76-73.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Allard IN. Examining the relationship between organizational culture and performance: Moderators of culture gap [Doctoral dissertation]. [Scottsdale, AZ]: Northcentral University; 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Wagner J. Mets Fix Duda’s Swing, With Help From an Angel. New York Times. 2017 Jun 8;B15.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Negative Results in BioMedicine
Abbreviation	J. Negat. Results Biomed.
ISSN (online)	1477-5751
Scope	General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology General Medicine General Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics