How to format your references using the Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Pearson H. China caught out as model shows net fall in fish. Nature. 2001;414(6863):477.

A journal article with 2 authors

Enright MC, Spratt BG. Genomics. The genomic view of bacterial diversification. Science. 2011;331(6016):407-409.

A journal article with 3 authors

Lower SK, Hochella MF Jr, Beveridge TJ. Bacterial recognition of mineral surfaces: nanoscale interactions between Shewanella and alpha-FeOOH. Science. 2001;292(5520):1360-1363.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Xin L, Liu Y, Li B, et al. Constructing hierarchical submicrotubes from interconnected TiO₂ nanocrystals for high reversible capacity and long-life lithium-ion batteries. Sci Rep. 2014;4:4479.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Shynk JJ. Mathematical Foundations for Linear Circuits and Systems in Engineering. John Wiley & Sons, Inc; 2016.

An edited book

Sykes D, Tocci GC, Cavanaugh WJ, eds. Sound & Vibration 2.0: Design Guidelines for Health Care Facilities. Springer; 2013.

A chapter in an edited book

Jellinger K, Krismer F. Aetiopathogenesis. In: Wenning GK, Fanciulli A, eds. Multiple System Atrophy. Springer; 2014:57-81.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics.

Blog post

Andrew E. What Would Happen If You Dropped A Nuclear Bomb Into A Volcano? IFLScience. August 28, 2015. Accessed October 30, 2018. https://www.iflscience.com/environment/what-would-happen-if-you-dropped-bomb-volcano/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Next Generation Air Transportation System: Information on Expenditures, Schedule, and Cost Estimates, Fiscal Years 2004 -- 2030. U.S. Government Printing Office; 2016.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Nelson AF. Anxiety in the Process of Individuation. An in-Depth Psychological Study. Doctoral dissertation. Pacifica Graduate Institute; 2014.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Saslow L. After the Storm, a Sigh of Relief. New York Times. April 22, 2007:LI2.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics
Abbreviation	J. Neurosurg. Pediatr.
ISSN (print)	1933-0707
ISSN (online)	1933-0715
Scope	General Medicine