How to format your references using the Journal of Optimization Theory and Applications citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Optimization Theory and Applications. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Gleick, P.H.: Global freshwater resources: soft-path solutions for the 21st century. Science. 302, 1524–1528 (2003)

A journal article with 2 authors

Moore, W.B., Webb, A.A.G.: Heat-pipe Earth. Nature. 501, 501–505 (2013)

A journal article with 3 authors

Ravishankara, A.R., Daniel, J.S., Portmann, R.W.: Nitrous oxide (N2O): the dominant ozone-depleting substance emitted in the 21st century. Science. 326, 123–125 (2009)

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Livet, J., Weissman, T.A., Kang, H., Draft, R.W., Lu, J., Bennis, R.A., Sanes, J.R., Lichtman, J.W.: Transgenic strategies for combinatorial expression of fluorescent proteins in the nervous system. Nature. 450, 56–62 (2007)

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Stacey, W.M.: Fusion Plasma Physics. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim, Germany (2012)

An edited book

Harrod, R.P.: Bioarchaeology of Climate Change and Violence: Ethical Considerations. Springer, New York, NY (2014)

A chapter in an edited book

Singh, D., Choudhary, M.K., Meena, M.L., Roy, M.M.: Oran Dynamics: A Community-Based Biodiversity Management System in India’s Arid Zone. In: Bose, P. and van Dijk, H. (eds.) Dryland Forests: Management and Social Diversity in Africa and Asia. pp. 73–93. Springer International Publishing, Cham (2016)

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Optimization Theory and Applications.

Blog post

Hale, T.: Company That Upped Drug Price By 5,000% Reports $14.6 Million Loss In Three Months, https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/company-upped-aids-drug-5000-reports-146-million-loss-3-months/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office: Commercial Drivers: Certification Process for Drivers with Serious Medical Conditions. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC (2008)

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Santella Steen, S.: The Potential of Television Programming as a Resource to Facilitate Academic Progress for Students who have a Specific Learning Disability in Reading, (2017)

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Shpigel, B.: Finally on Big Stage, Predators Stumble in an Uneven Performance, (2017)

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Optimization Theory and Applications
Abbreviation	J. Optim. Theory Appl.
ISSN (print)	0022-3239
ISSN (online)	1573-2878
Scope	Management Science and Operations Research Applied Mathematics Control and Optimization